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ELEMENTS OF EARTH FILL DAMS
Some Elements of Earth Fill Dams 1. Crest of dam: The crest width of dams should be sufficient to keep the seepage line within the dam, when the reservoir is full. The crest width of the dam if road is...
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FAILURE OF EARTHFILL DAMS
Some causes of failure of earthfill dams Like most of engineering structures, earth dams may fail due to faulty design, improper construction and poor maintenance practices, etc The various causes of failure may be classified as: a) Hydraulic failure b)...
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EMBANKMENT MATERIALS
Embankment Materials a. Earth-fill materials. (1) While most soils can be used for earth-fill construction as long as they are insoluble and substantially inorganic, typical rock flours and clays with liquid limits above 80 should generally be avoided. The term...
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CRITERIA FOR DESIGN OF EARTH DAMS
The criteria for the design of earth dams are: 1. Sufficient spillway capacity and freeboard are provided so that there is no danger of overtopping of the dam 2. Seepage flow through the embankment is controlled so that the amount...
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EARTHFILL DAMS & ITS CLASSIFICATION
Earthfill dams are the most common type of dam built to any height. They are designed as a non-overflow section with separate spillway. The reason for such wide spread use of earthfill dams are: The foundation requirements are not as...
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GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
AIM To determine the particle size distribution of the given fine aggregate and to determine ,the fineness modulus,the effective size and uniformly coefficent . THEORY Fine aggregate is the sand used in mortars. Coarse aggregate is the broken stone used...
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BULCKING OF FINE AGGREGATE
AIM To study the behaviour of sand grains under varying percentage of moisture content . APPARATUES. 250 ml measuring cylinder ,weighing balance etc . PROCEDURE (i) Take 500gm (W1) of the aggregate. (ii) Keep the sample in an oven in...
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BULK DENSITY AND PERCENTAGE VOIDS OF AGGREGATES
Aim To determine the bulk density and percentage voids of aggregate . Apparatus (I)Balance -A balance sensitive to 0.5% of the weight of the sample to be weighed . (ii) Cylindrical Metal Measure- The measure shall be of 3,15 or...
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AND CORSE AGGREGATES
AIM To determine the specific gravity of given sample of fine and coarse aggregates. SPECIFIC GRAVITTY OF COARSE AGGREGATE. Apparatus A balance or scale of capacity not less than 3 kg, readable and accurate to 0.5 g and of...
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AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE
AIM To determine the aggregate crushing value of coarse aggregate. ”The aggregate crushing value gives a relative measure of the resistance of an aggregate crushing under gradually applied compressive load . With aggregate crushing value 30 or higher’ the result...
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SOUNDNESS OF CEMENT
AIM To determine the soundness of cement by the Le-chatelier method APPARATUS Le- chatelier mould The mould consist of a small split cylinder of spring brass or other suitable metal of 0.5mm thickness forming of a mould 30mm internal...
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SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT
AIM To determine the specific gravity is normally defined as the ratio between the weight of a given volume of material and weight of an equal volume of water.To determine the specific gravity of cement, kerosene which doe snot recent...
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