DEGREE OF WORKABILITY FOR DIFFERENT PLACING CONDITIONS Placing Condition Degree of Workability Slump (mm) Binding concrete, Shallow Sections Pavement using pavers Very low Use compacting factor test as per IS: 1199 Mass concrete, Lightly reinforced sections in slabs, beams,... (Continue reading)
AIM To determine the soundness of cement by the Le-chatelier method APPARATUS Le- chatelier mould The mould consist of a small split cylinder of spring brass or other suitable metal of 0.5mm thickness forming of a mould 30mm internal... (Continue reading)
AIM To determine the compressive strength of concrete cylinders. APPARATUS Compression testing machine, cylinder mould of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, weighing balance. PROCEDURE (i) Cast the cylinder and cure for 28 days. (ii) Takeout the specimen from the curing... (Continue reading)
Sulfate attack is a chemical breakdown mechanism where sulfate ions attack components of the cement paste. The compounds responsible for sulfate attack are water-soluble sulfate-containing salts, such as alkali-earth (calcium, magnesium) and alkali (sodium, potassium) sulfates that are capable of... (Continue reading)
Why Bioconcrete? Problems in normal concrete: Cement, main ingredient = ‘Non-sustainable’ Yearly consumption : - millions of tons of cement in a single country - millions of tons of sand - millions of tons of gravel Environmental impact: 10%of world... (Continue reading)
AIM To determine the modulus of elasticity of concrete. SPECIMEN Concrete calender 15 cm diameter and 30cm long PROCDURE Setting Up of Compressometer (i) Assemble the top and bottom frame by keeping the spacers in position. (ii) Keep the pivot... (Continue reading)
AIM To determine the splitting tensile of concrete. APPARATUS Compression testing machine, two packing strips of plywood 30 cm long and 12mm wide. SAMPLING MOULDS The cylinder mould shall is of metal ,3mm thick. Each mould is capable of being... (Continue reading)
Log houses originated in Europe where they were hastily erected as hunting cabins. Stacked log homes today are elaborate structures worth several hundred thousand dollars in some cases. Coniferous trees are ideal for constructing stacked log houses are the timber... (Continue reading)
PaperCrete is essentially a type of industrial strength paper maché made with paper and cardboard, sand and Portland cement. There are many varieties of PaperCrete possible. Essentially, the constituents when mixed in different proportions result in PaperCrete of varying... (Continue reading)
Properties of Hardened Concrete Early volume change Creep Properties Permeability Stress-Strain Relation I. Early Volume Change (Shrinkage) What is the problem? >> May result in cracking Plastic Shrinkage Due to water loss from fresh paste by evaporation or from suction... (Continue reading)
MANUFACTURING 1 Mould:- Moulds shall be fabricated using mild steel plates and mild steel angles for stiffening the plates. The mould should be either fixed type or (box with four side walls fixed at corners, and top and bottom open)... (Continue reading)
Adverse effects due to improper application : Admixtures are used extensively to produce high workable, high strength high performance and highly durable concrete with minimum cost. However, these admixtures are not used judiciously and with the poor knowledge of admixture... (Continue reading)
Quality Requirement of Admixture When the admixtures are said to be compatible with concrete, it should meet the following quality requirement; i) Characteristics of admixture : The data sheet shall give the characteristic details such as type of admixtures, available... (Continue reading)
Admixtures shall be selected carefully to alter the concrete properties to the requirement of job at site and shall be used judiciously according to specification and method of application to avoid adverse effect on concrete properties at fresh and hardened... (Continue reading)
If concrete is impermeable, corrosive agents cannot penetrate and attack it. Concrete basically has two types of pores, which determine permeability. These are capillary pores (with a diameter varying between 0.01 to 10 micron) in the cement, paste which coats... (Continue reading)
Concrete is known by its grade which is designated as M15, M20 etc. in which letter M refers to concrete mix and number 15, 20 denotes the specified compressive strength (fck) of 150mm cube at 28 days, expressed in N/mm2.... (Continue reading)