The use of Near Surface mounted Reinforcement for concrete structures are not a new invention. A type of NSMR has been used since the 1940s, where steel reinforcement is placed in slots in the concrete cover or in addition concrete cover that is cast onto the structure. Here steel bars are placed in slots in [...]

The main impetus for development of carbon fibres has come from the aerospace industry with its need for a material with combination of high strength, high stiffness and low weight. Recently, civil engineers and construction industry have begun to realize that this material (CFRP) have potential to provide remedies for many problems associated with the [...]

An FRP composite is defined as a polymer that is reinforced with a fibre. The primary function of fibre reinforcement is to carry load along the length of the fiber and to provide strength and stiffness in one direction. FRP represents a class of materials that falls into a category referred to as composite materials. Composite materials consist of two or more materials that retain their respective chemical and physical characteristics when combined together. FRP composites are different from traditional construction materials like steel or aluminium.

Compaction factor apparatus’ trowels, hand scoop (15.2 cm long), a rod of steel or other suitable material (1.6 cm diameter, 61 cm long rounded at one end ) and a balance.

To determine the compressive strength of concrete specimens prepared and to verify the strength requirements as desired in the mix design and stipulated in the IS code.

To study the workability (determine the consistency) of prepared concrete either in the laboratory or laboratory or during the progress of work in the field and to check the uniformity of concrete from batch to batch.

Flowable fill refers to a cementitious slurry consisting of a mixture of fine aggregate or filler, water, and cementitious material(s), which is used as a fill or backfill in lieu of compacted earth. This mixture is capable of filling all voids in irregular excavations and hard to reach places (such as under undercuts of existing slabs), is self-leveling, and hardens in a matter of a few hours without the need for compaction in layers.Flowable fill is sometimes referred to as controlled density fill (CDF), controlled low strength material (CLSM), lean concrete slurry, and unshrinkable fill.

Circular Prestressing” is employed to denote the prestressing of circular structures such as pipes and tanks where the prestressing wires are wound in circles. In contrast to this term, “linear prestressing” is used to include all other types of prestressing, where the cables may be either straight or curved, but not wound in circles around a circular structure. In most prestressed circular structures, prestress is applied both circumferentially and longitudinally, the circumferential prestress being circular and the longitudinal prestress actually linear.

There are cracks in all buildings, some minor and insignificant, some requiring expensive repairs and in some extreme cases the only solution is total demolition of the building.

This article is intended to put cracks into context: obviously one of the major concerns of house buyers. “How serious is it” is a question I am often [...]

To obtain good quality concrete using recycled aggregate it is necessary to follow the minimum requirements defined by the respective Building Standards. Acceptable properties of aggregates are an elemental base for concrete quality, however adequate mix proportions and concrete production methods are highly important in concrete quality too. Recycled aggregates composed of original aggregates and [...]

At the high temperatures experienced in fires, hydrated cement in concrete gradually dehydrates, reverting back to water (actually steam) and cement. This results in a reduction of strength and modulus of elasticity (stiffness) of concrete. In some fires, spalling of concrete occurs – fragments of concrete break loose from the rest of the concrete, sometimes [...]

Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material. It is obtained by mixing cement, water and aggregates (and sometimes admixtures) in required proportions. The mixture when placed in forms and. allowed to cure becomes hard like stone. The hardening is caused by chemical action between water and the cement and it continues for a [...]

For several years beginning in 1983, the problem of the durability of concrete structures was a major topic of interest in Japan. The creation of durable concrete structures requires adequate compaction by skilled workers. However, the gradual reduction in the number of skilled workers in Japan’s construction industry has led to a similar reduction in [...]

REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE
• A composite material & ultra high strength with mechanical properties.
• Mixture of fiber reinforced, super plasticized, silica fume, cement & quartz sand with very low water cement ratio.
• Quartz sand used instead of ordinary aggregate. Therefore increases compressive strength.

COMPOSITION
• It is composed of similar modulus of elasticity and size [...]

Types of Portland Cement
· Different types of Portland cement are manufactured to meet the requirements for specific purposes
· The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Designation C150 specifies the following eight types of Portland cement

What are Concrete Admixtures ?

· Ingredients other than PC, water, and aggregates

· Impart a specific quality to either plastic (fresh) mix or the hardened concrete (ASTM C496)

· Classified by chemical and functional physical characteristics

Why use Admixtures ?

1. Reduce cost of concrete construction

2. Achieve specific concrete properties more effectively

3. Ensure [...]