A construction project is a product of different information and designs from different professionals. If these information and designs are to be adhered to, the presence of their producers and designers are required.
The Architect
According to Bamisile (2004), the architect should be visiting site periodically for inspections to ensure that in general, the work being carried [...]

The National Building Code (2006) defines contract documents as including the following:

i. Contract drawings and specifications prepared by registered architects and registered engineers;

ii. Priced bill of quantities prepared by a registered quantity surveyor;

CLASSIFICATION OF RISK

Understanding and addressing the risks of a PPP project early on is important for both the parties in PPP. This chapter presents many of the risks involved and actions that can be taken to mitigate them.

Promoters would invest in a project only if the risks in the project are less than the [...]

Construction procurement system is the organizational framework adopted by the client for the management of design and construction of a project. With the introduction of new and innovative ways of construction, many new and alternative procurement systems have been developed over the past decades. These systems could be used to meet contemporary requirements of the [...]

Scaffolding is a temporary frame used to support people and material in the  construction or  building and other large structures. It is usually a modular system of  metal pieced  although it can be made out of other materials.  The purpose of a working scaffold is to provide a safe place of work with safe [...]

In the USA, the National Highway System (NHS) Designation Act came into effect in November 1995. It requires every NHS project over $25 million to be subject to a life cycle cost analysis.

In the above example, the initial capital cost increase amounts to 4% for Type 304 and 8% for Type 316.

The above negative effects [...]

The acquisition of a constructed facility usually represents a major capital investment, whether its owner happens to be an individual, a private corporation or a public agency. Since the commitment of resources for such an investment is motivated by market demands or perceived needs, the facility is expected to satisfy certain objectives within the constraints [...]

Unit Cost Method of Estimation

If the design technology for a facility has been specified, the project can be decomposed into elements at various levels of detail for the purpose of cost estimation. The unit cost for each element in the bill of quantities must be assessed in order to compute the total construction cost. This [...]

Materials management is an important element in project planning and control. Materials represent a major expense in construction, so minimizing procurement or purchase costs presents important opportunities for reducing costs. Poor materials management can also result in large and avoidable costs during construction. First, if materials are purchased early, capital may be tied up and [...]

The costs of a constructed facility to the owner include both the initial capital cost and the subsequent operation and maintenance costs. Each of these major cost categories consists of a number of cost components.
The capital cost for a construction project includes the expenses related to the inital establishment of the facility:

Land [...]

Construction Management is the practice of managing a construction, totally or in part. Construction managers, salaried or self-employed, plan, coordinate, and direct a wide range of construction projects. They also oversee construction supervisors and workers. Construction managers divide all the construction activities in stages, budgeting time to meet construction deadlines. They evaluate the most cost-effective [...]

Construction cost estimation is done to know in advance the expected cost in varying degree of accuracy, at different phases of the project.

Owner’s Purpose of Estimate

Making investment decision in the conceptual stage.
Negotiate and finalize the contract at the implementation phase.
To implement cost control measures.

Contractor‘s Purpose of Estimate

Determine project cost and profit.
To Implement cost control measure.
To [...]

PERT – Program Evaluation and Review Technique Developed by Lockheed Corporation in participation with the US Navy Polaris Missile/Submarine Project in 1958

CPM – Critical Path Method developed by DuPont c.1958

WBS – Work Breakdown Structure
A complete depiction of the entire task necessary to achieve successful project completion. Project plans that delineate all the [...]

Definitions of construction duration are first given. Roles of schedulers or planners are described. Next, factors affecting the forecasting of construction duration are summarized. Following that, methods of forecasting construction duration are briefly reviewed before delays and causes of delays are discussed. Then, relationship between the construction cost and duration or time is introduced. Even [...]

Risk management is a systematic process of identifying, assessing and responding to project risk. The overall goal of the risk management process is to maximize the opportunities and minimize the consequences of a risk event. A variety of risk management models with different numbers of stages can be found in the literature.

The international standard [...]

While in college, I was very much interested in Analysis and Design of structures including foundations. I thought that I will master in analysis and design after joining a good firm. But after joining the No.1 Construction Company in Asia, I realised what is the actual process of construction.
Construction has two phases, [...]