Civil engineers commonly work as consultants by becoming employees or independent contractors for engineering consulting companies. These consultants most often provide design and analysis services. They plan and design buildings, bridges, highways, water treatment plants, harbors, railroads, and airports. They... (Continue reading)
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to achieve a particular aim. At the most basic level, a project is actually the response to a need, the solution to a problem. Further it is a solution that promises a benefit... (Continue reading)
Best Practice is the knowledge that underpins examples of excellence. We can take this knowledge, share it and implement it throughout the construction industry. Over the last 10 years there has been a dramatic change in the way construction activity... (Continue reading)
In addition to assigning dates to project activities, project scheduling is intended to match the resources of equipment, materials and labor with project work tasks over time. Good scheduling can eliminate problems due to production bottlenecks, facilitate the timely procurement... (Continue reading)
All formal scheduling procedures rely upon estimates of the durations of the various project activities as well as the definitions of the predecessor relationships among tasks. The variability of an activity's duration may also be considered. Formally, the probability distribution... (Continue reading)
PROJECT PLANNING In planning phase, plan is made and strategies are set, taking into consideration the company policies, procedures and rules Planning provides direction, unifying frame work, performance standards, and helps to reveal future opportunities and threats In Planning, the... (Continue reading)
A construction project is a product of different information and designs from different professionals. If these information and designs are to be adhered to, the presence of their producers and designers are required. The Architect According to Bamisile (2004), the... (Continue reading)
The National Building Code (2006) defines contract documents as including the following: i. Contract drawings and specifications prepared by registered architects and registered engineers; ii. Priced bill of quantities prepared by a registered quantity surveyor;... (Continue reading)
CLASSIFICATION OF RISK Understanding and addressing the risks of a PPP project early on is important for both the parties in PPP. This chapter presents many of the risks involved and actions that can be taken to mitigate them. Promoters... (Continue reading)
Construction procurement system is the organizational framework adopted by the client for the management of design and construction of a project. With the introduction of new and innovative ways of construction, many new and alternative procurement systems have been developed... (Continue reading)
Scaffolding is a temporary frame used to support people and material in the construction or building and other large structures. It is usually a modular system of metal pieced although it can be made out of other materials. The purpose... (Continue reading)
In the USA, the National Highway System (NHS) Designation Act came into effect in November 1995. It requires every NHS project over $25 million to be subject to a life cycle cost analysis. In the above example, the initial capital... (Continue reading)
The acquisition of a constructed facility usually represents a major capital investment, whether its owner happens to be an individual, a private corporation or a public agency. Since the commitment of resources for such an investment is motivated by market... (Continue reading)
Unit Cost Method of Estimation If the design technology for a facility has been specified, the project can be decomposed into elements at various levels of detail for the purpose of cost estimation. The unit cost for each element in... (Continue reading)
Materials management is an important element in project planning and control. Materials represent a major expense in construction, so minimizing procurement or purchase costs presents important opportunities for reducing costs. Poor materials management can also result in large and avoidable... (Continue reading)
The costs of a constructed facility to the owner include both the initial capital cost and the subsequent operation and maintenance costs. Each of these major cost categories consists of a number of cost components. The capital cost for a... (Continue reading)