The use of Near Surface mounted Reinforcement for concrete structures are not a new invention. A type of NSMR has been used since the 1940s, where steel reinforcement is placed in slots in the concrete cover or in addition concrete cover that is cast onto the structure. Here steel bars are placed in slots in [...]

There are a number of properties of a beam that an Engineer should be aware of as they dictate beam behaviour when subject to a load and ultimately represent possible areas or mechanisms for failure. The main ones being:

Second moment of area (also referred to as the second moment of inertia): this depends on the cross section profile of the beam and is a measure of the resistance of the shape of the beam to bending.

Portal Frame Design with Example
Design Steps:
1. Design of slabs
2. Preliminary design of beams and columns
3. Analysis
4. Design of beams
5. Design of Columns
6. Design of footings
Problem:
A portal frame hinged at base has following data:
Spacing of portal frames = 4m
Height of columns = 4m
Distance between column centers = 10m
Live load on roof [...]

Uncracked Elastic Beam Behavior
Look at the shear and bending moment diagrams. The acting shear stress distribution on the beam:

The acting stresses distributed across the cross-section.

The shear stress acting on the rectangular beam.

The equation of the shear stress for a rectangular beam is given as:

Note: The maximum 1st moment occurs [...]

A beam which is stiffened by a system of braces constituting a truss of which the beam is a chord is called as Trussed Beam. Trussed beams are used for mainly for the Industrial buildings where free space requirement are essential for more working areas. The span of truss varies from 10’-0” to 300’-0” depending [...]

A beam which is stiffened by a system of braces constituting a truss of which the beam is a chord is called as Trussed Beam. Trussed beams are used for mainly for the Industrial buildings where free space requirement are essential for more working areas. The span of truss varies from 10’-0” to 300’-0” depending [...]

Beam carries transverse external loads that cause bending moment, shear forces and in some cases torsion
Concrete is strong in compression and very weak in tension.
Steel reinforcement is used to take up tensile stresses in reinforced concrete beams.
Mild steel bars or Deformed or High yield strength deformed bars (HYSD) are used.
HYSD bars have ribs on the [...]

The evolution of beam design, in the materials available for use and advancements in the understanding of their behaviour and physical properties, had made it possible to construct the architectural masterpieces of today. To appreciate these achievements the Engineer must have a fundamental understanding behind the choice of material including beam cross section profile and [...]

The evolution of beam design, in the materials available for use and advancements in the understanding of their behaviour and physical properties, had made it possible to construct the architectural masterpieces of today. To appreciate these achievements the Engineer must have a fundamental understanding behind the choice of material including beam cross section profile and [...]

Although steel single angle sections are commonly used as beams to support distributed loads which cause biaxial bending and torsion, their behaviour may be extremely complicated, and the accurate prediction of their strengths very difficult. Further, many design codes do not have design rules for torsion, while some recommendations are unnecessarily conservative, or are of [...]

This spreadsheet is for the design of deep beams. It includes the following design steps:Design for area of steel for continuous/fixed deep beam – limit state designCheck for deep beam action, minimum thick.of beam to prevent buckling w.r.t span and depthDesign for area of steel for continuous/fixed deep beam – working stress designDesign for area [...]