VANE SHEAR TEST ON SOIL The vane shear test apparatus consists of four stainless steel blades fixed at right angle to each other and firmly attached to a high tensile steel rod. The length of the vane is usually kept equal to twice its overall width. The diameters and length of the stainless steel rod(…)
Material Testing Guide
TRIAXIAL SHEAR STRENGTH TEST
TRIAXIAL SHEAR STRENGTH TEST ON SOIL This is the most widely used and is suitable for all types of soils. A cylindrical specimen, generally having a length to diameter ratio of 2, is used in the test and is stressed under conditions of axial symmetry in the manner shown in figure. The specimen is subjected(…)
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL Classification systems are used to group soils according to their order of performance under given set of physical conditions. Soils that are grouped in order of performance for one set of physical conditions will not necessarily have the same order of performance under some other physical conditions. Therefore, number of classification systems(…)
COMPACTION OF SOIL PROCTOR’S TEST
TO DETERMINE THE COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOIL SPECIMEN BY PROCTOR’S TEST Theory: Compaction is the process of densification of soil by reducing air voids. The degree of compaction of a given soil is measured in terms of its dry density. The dry density is maximum at the optimum water content. A curve is drawn(…)
UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COHESIVE SOIL
TO DETERMINE THE UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF COHESIVE SOIL Theory: The unconfined compressive strength () is the load per unit area at which the cylindrical specimen of a cohesive soil falls in compression. Where P= axial load at failure, A= corrected area = , where is the initial area of the specimen, = axial strain(…)
SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL BY DIRECT SHEAR TEST
TO DETERMINE THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF A SANDY SOIL SPECIMEN BY DIRECT SHEAR TEST Theory: Shear strength of a soil is its maximum resistance to shearing stresses. The shear strength is expressed as Where c’ = effective cohesion, = effective stress, = effective angle of shearing resistance. The shear tests can be conducted under three(…)
CONSOLIDATION TEST OF SOIL
TO DETERMINE THE CONSOLIDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOIL SAMPLE Theory: Consolidation of a saturated soil occurs due to expulsion of water under static, sustained load. The consolidation characteristics of soils are required to predict the magnitude and the rate of settlement. The following characteristics are obtained from the consolidation test. Coefficient of compressibility, Coefficient of(…)
VARIABLE HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST OF SOIL
TO DETERMINE THE PERMEABILITY OF A SOIL SPECIMEN BY THE VARIABLE HEAD PERMEAMETER Theory: The variable head permeameter is used to measure the permeability of relatively less pervious soils. The coefficient of permeability is given by Where = initial head, = final head, t= time interval, a= cross-sectional area of the liquid stand pipe, A=cross-sectional(…)