NON DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES A variety of Non Destructive Testing (NDT) methods have been developed or are under development for investigating and evaluating concrete structures. These methods are aimed at estimation of strength and other properties; monitoring and assessing corrosion; measuring crack size and cover; assessing grout quality; detecting defects and identifying relatively(…)
How To Guide
DESIGN STEPS OF RCC MEMBER FOR SHEAR AND TORSION
Design of a reinforced concrete section for shear is carried on in the following steps: (a) Determine nominal shear stress of concrete by using following formula: (b) Determine design shear strength of concrete, (Table 1 below). Table-1: Design Shear Strength of Concrete, (N/mm2) (c) Provide shear reinforcements as per requirement and convenience. Fig: Shear failure(…)
SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT IN RCC MEMBERS
Spacing of Reinforcement in reinforced concrete members: Minimum Spacing between Bars in Tension The minimum horizontal spacing between two parallel main bars shall be diameter of larger bar or maximum size of coarse aggregate plus 5 mm. However, where compaction is done by needle vibrator, the spacing may be further reduced to two-third of the(…)
CURTAILMENT OF REINFORCEMENT IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS
Curtailment of Tension Reinforcement in Flexural Members To economise the design of a flexural member, the tensile bars are curtailed at the section beyond which it is no longer required to resist flexure. Such curtailed bars are extended for a distance equal to 12 or effective depth, whichever is greater, except at simple support or(…)
MIX DESIGN OF ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE
Mix design proportioning methods for Roller Compacted Concrete RCC: Mix design proportioning methods for no slump concrete applicable for Roller Compacted Concrete. Materials Used in RCC mix design a) Cementitious materials: Cement content is generally low (typically 70 to 130 kg/m3). Any kind of Portland Cement (but low heat cement is a preferred type when(…)
CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT DETAILING REQUIREMENT
Reinforced concrete is a composite material, hence a proper bond between the two materials – concrete and reinforcement – is the first requirement. A minimum length of reinforcing bar is needed to develop the full bond strength between concrete and steel. This length is expressed in terms of development length. ‘Development length’ on each side(…)
PREPARATION OF BAR BENDING SCHEDULE
Preparation of Bar Bending Schedule Bar bending schedule (or schedule of bars) is a list of reinforcement bars, vis-à-vis, a given RCC work item, and is presented in a tabular form for easy visual reference. This table summarizes all the needed particulars of bars – diameter, shape of bending, length of each bent and straight(…)
ESTIMATION METHODS OF BUILDING WORKS
The estimation of building quantities like earth work, foundation concrete, brickwork in plinth and super structure etc., can be workout by any of following two methods: a) Long wall – short wall method b) Centre line method. c) Partly centre line and short wall method. a) Long wall-short wall method: In this method, the wall(…)