Fineness Modulus Method of Concrete Mix Design The index number, which describes the relative sizes of coarse and fine aggregates, is called as fineness modulus (FM). Fineness modulus is determined separately by sieving coarse and fine aggregates through the following ...
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Types of Formwork (Shuttering) for Concrete Construction and its Properties [PDF]
Formwork (shuttering) in a concrete construction is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently. Types of formwork for concrete construction depends on formwork material and type of structural element.
CRACKS IN FOUNDATION
Serious structural problems in houses are not very common, but when they occur they are expensive to repair. Some can’t be fixed at all. This report won’t turn you into an expert, but it will give you some of the ...
Design Tips for Rainwater Harvesting Components
Design tips for rainwater harvesting components to collect and store the rainwater during rains in a overhead tank, or underground tank is discussed. Rainwater harvesting is natural in case of water collected in ponds in villages, but cities needs special ...
Cantilever Retaining Wall – Functions and Design Considerations
Cantilever retaining wall are usually of reinforced concrete and work on the principles of leverage. It has much thinner stem and utilize the weight of the backfill soil to provide most of the resistance to sliding and overturning. Cantilever retaining ...
STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES- R.C. SLAB
Many strengthening techniques are available depending on the purpose needed from strengthening. Some of those techniques are explained in details in the following sections. Why do we strengthen or retrofit buildings? Increase in the applied loads. Mistakes or unsafe design. ...
Design of Raft Foundations – Methods and Calculations
Design of Raft Foundations – Methods and Calculations According to IS – 2950:1965, the design criteria of raft footings are given below: The maximum differential settlement in foundation on clayey soils and sandy soils should not exceed 40mm and 25mm ...
LEED Certification and Benefits
What is LEED certification? In the United States and in a number of other countries around the world, LEED certification is the recognized standard for measuring building sustainability. Achieving LEED certification is the best way for you to demonstrate that ...
Error Sources in Total Station in Surveying
Total station is a device used in surveying by replacing total station. Like any device, total station also have some sources of error which can affect the surveying report. These sources of errors in total station is discussed. All theodolites ...
CONNECTIONS FOR PRECAST FLOOR SLABS
Floor slab connection essentially consists of a compression joint in the bearing surface. The bearing length should be atleast 75mm to avoid spalling of the edges. To prevent this short of failure occurring, the slab must be tied to the ...