Brick on-edge flooring is developed based on the concept that bricks laid on edge give a better performance than when laid flat. The burnt clay bricks, as a flooring material, have good wearing quality and facilitate quick installation due to ...
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How to Carry Out Anti-Termite Treatment in Existing Buildings?
Anti-termite treatment is a chemical procedure for soil, masonry, wood, and electrical fixtures to provide the building with a chemical barrier against the subterranean termites before and after construction. The preventive anti-termite treatment for an existing building is explained in ...
Step-Wise Guide to Fix Door and Window Frames in Existing Openings
The fixing of door and window frames in the existing openings should be carried out correctly, including the requisite preparations for openings, drilling holes, fixing frames, and finishing works. Proper fixing of frames prevents fault and subsequent failure of walls ...
How to Lay and Join Stoneware Pipes?
Stoneware pipes are generally preferred over other types of pipes for sewer and drain works as they are much more effective where acid effluents or acid sub-soil conditions are likely to be encountered. In this article, we discuss trenching, laying, ...
How to Calculate Working Space for Excavation?
Working space is the additional space provided between the edge of the excavation and the footing for the ease of labor movement for fixing, removing shuttering boards, pouring of concrete, and compaction of concrete using a vibrator. In this article, ...
Tips to Avoid Reinforcement and Embedment Congestion in Concrete Members
Designers should consider possible congestions in reinforced concrete members while designing concrete structures. They should follow specifications of applicable codes to prevent congestions. Sometimes, one of the options to avoid congestion is by increasing the width of the concrete members ...
How to Place Reinforcement Bars in Concrete?
A reinforcement bar is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used in reinforced concrete and masonry structures to strengthen and aid the concrete under tension. Proper placement of reinforcement bars, as per the specified drawings is vital for ...
What are the Contents of Construction Documents?
Construction documents are written, graphic and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing and communicating the design, location, and physical characteristics of the elements of a project necessary for obtaining a building permit and administering the contract for its construction. ...