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Concrete laitance is a layer of weak and nondurable cement and fine particles originated from aggregate. These materials are moved upward due to movement of moisture (bleeding) through concrete because of the presence of too much mixing water. The quantity of ...
Dry pack mortar, which is also called deck mud or floor mud, is a mixture of sand, cement, and water. It is used to repair small spots, creating thick bed mortar for tile and brick placement, and bed shower installation.The ...
Subgrade and subbase are the foundation of a concrete slab and play critical role in its performance. According to the ACI Code, the subgrade is a compacted and improved natural soil or brought infill whereas subbase is a layer of ...
There are several types of concrete hardeners in the industry but lithium silicate as a chemical hardener is a fairly new one and has been developed over time after inculcating constructive observations taken from the other prevalent ones. Lithium silicate ...
Efflorescence is white powdery material formed on concrete floor surface when soluble salts migrate to the surface of concrete. It is produced due to low temperatures, moist conditions, condensation, rain, dew, and water added to the surface of fresh concrete ...
Calcium chlorides is used as accelerator in hydration process of cement, leading to quick set of concrete and to get high initial strength concrete. Maximum permissible limit of addition of calcium chloride is 2% in flake form.Methods of Adding Calcium ...
New concrete is commonly poured over old concrete, which may have been damaged for any reason, for repairing purpose. However, this approach is not suitable option unless the existing concrete is in good shape structurally.Concrete surface suffers from wearing and ...
