Join

Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Have an account? Log in
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Have an account? Log in Now

Log in

Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Join Here

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.

Have an account? Log in Now

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. Join now!

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here
Join now!

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. Join now!

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here
Join now!
The Constructor Logo The Constructor Logo
Log inJoin

The Constructor

The Constructor Navigation

  • Articles
    • Recent Articles
    • Popular Articles
    • Write for us
  • Community
  • Categories
    • How To Guide
      • Material Testing Guide
    • Concrete
    • Building
      • Brick Masonry
      • Building Materials
      • Building Tips
    • Construction
      • Equipments
      • Management
    • Digital Construction
    • Geotechnical
      • Foundation
  • Case Studies
Search
Ask A Question

Mobile menu

Close
Ask a Question
  • Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sustainability
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

CB Sowmya - Answers

Home/ CB Sowmya/Answers
Ask CB Sowmya

Do you need to remove the ads? Join now!

  • About
  • Questions
  • Polls
  • Answers
  • Best Answers
  • Asked Questions
  • Followed Questions
  • Favorite Questions
  • Articles
  • Comments
  • Groups
  1. Asked: July 13, 2020In: Construction

    Which type of foundation should be used in Coastal Area and Sloping ground?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 29, 2020 at 6:08 pm

    For sloping ground Filled foundation Fill and cut foundation Stepped foundation For coastal areas Pile foundation - with or without bracings Well foundation To know more about foundations for different ground conditions, https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/construction-foundation-different-grounRead more

    For sloping ground

    • Filled foundation
    • Fill and cut foundation
    • Stepped foundation

    For coastal areas

    • Pile foundation – with or without bracings
    • Well foundation

    To know more about foundations for different ground conditions,

    https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/construction-foundation-different-ground-conditions/7606/

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  2. Asked: July 29, 2020In: Foundation

    Which type of foundation is best for black cotton soil?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 29, 2020 at 6:08 pm

    Under reamed piles are best suited for black cotton soil.

    Under reamed piles are best suited for black cotton soil.

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  3. Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

    What Reinforcements are used in the Process of Prestressing?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 28, 2020 at 10:51 pm

    The type of steel used in prestressing may be: Cold worked steel Stress relieving steel Strain tampered steel The following properties of the steel are appreciated: High strength property of steel (min of 980 Mpa for bars) Adequate ductility Bendability ( for harping ) High bond strength (Crucial foRead more

    The type of steel used in prestressing may be:

    1. Cold worked steel
    2. Stress relieving steel
    3. Strain tampered steel

    The following properties of the steel are appreciated:

    1. High strength property of steel (min of 980 Mpa for bars)
    2. Adequate ductility
    3. Bendability ( for harping )
    4. High bond strength (Crucial for pretensioned members because the stress transfer in the former is only through bond)
    5. Less stress relaxation ( To minimize losses)
    6. Less corossion

    Note that the permissible stress in prestressing steel is not more than 80% of yeild strength.

    Permissible stress = 0.8fy

    This fy is found just like any HYSD bar by considering the 0.2% proof stress.

    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  4. Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

    Why should curing not be done by ponding and polythene sheets?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 28, 2020 at 10:44 pm

    Both methods are very advantageous based on the need for the structure. The disadvantages are as follows Pond curing: Can only be used for flat surfaces Cannot be used where water is scarce Needs continuous supervision Unlike steam curing, it does not accelerate the strength gaining process The pondRead more

    Both methods are very advantageous based on the need for the structure. The disadvantages are as follows

    Pond curing:

    • Can only be used for flat surfaces
    • Cannot be used where water is scarce
    • Needs continuous supervision
    • Unlike steam curing, it does not accelerate the strength gaining process
    • The pond must be constructed in order to do pond curing

    Polythene sheets

    • They may fly and cannot be used in windy areas
    • Causes discoloration
    • Water lost through desiccation cannot be compromised in this method.
    • Needs skilled labours
    • Not economical
    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  5. Asked: July 27, 2020In: Environmental Engineering

    What is Waste Stabilization Pond?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 28, 2020 at 10:42 pm

    Waste stabilization ponds are used for treating wastewater. They are just like ones but man-made. Large ponds are constructed and they maybe link with one another to enhance the waste stabilization. These ponds make use of the principles of sedimentation, filtration, nitrification, denitrification aRead more

    Waste stabilization ponds are used for treating wastewater. They are just like ones but man-made. Large ponds are constructed and they maybe link with one another to enhance the waste stabilization. These ponds make use of the principles of sedimentation, filtration, nitrification, denitrification and biodegradation. These ponds will reduce the solids, BOD, and Pathogens in the effluents. They have low operating costs and do not require electricity. If designed properly, they can be odor-free. However, they require large areas and highly accurate design and construction.

    There are three types of pond

    1. Anaerobic ponds
    2. Aerobic ponds
    3. Facultative ponds

    This methods produces a low quality effluent which has to be further treated before disposal.

    See less
    • 2
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  6. Asked: July 27, 2020In: Miscellaneous

    What is Vena Contract in Orifice?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 28, 2020 at 10:40 pm

    Vena contracta is a section in the flow of water where the flow has considerably narrow. Vena contracta can be found when there is a sudden change in the cross-sectional area.  The streamlines of the fluid cannot change abruptly when the CS area changes. This sudden reduction in the cross-sectionalRead more

    Vena contracta is a section in the flow of water where the flow has considerably narrow. Vena contracta can be found when there is a sudden change in the cross-sectional area.  The streamlines of the fluid cannot change abruptly when the CS area changes. This sudden reduction in the cross-sectional area makes the streamlines converge and form the vena contracta.

    In this section, the velocity of the flow is maximum. From Vena contracta we can find the coefficient of contraction.

    Further, Vena contracta has wide use in studying the blood flow and in various treatments ad diagnoses like echocardiography.

    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  7. Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

    What is Bursting Reinforcement?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 28, 2020 at 10:37 pm

    Bursting reinforcements are provided in Post-tensioned prestressed members or where bursting forces are prevailing. In post-tensioned members, the transfer of stress is through the anchorage blocks. The concrete in the vicinity of the anchorage block up to the length of the larger transverse dimensiRead more

    Bursting reinforcements are provided in Post-tensioned prestressed members or where bursting forces are prevailing. In post-tensioned members, the transfer of stress is through the anchorage blocks.

    The concrete in the vicinity of the anchorage block up to the length of the larger transverse dimension of the structure is defined as the anchorage zone. This anchorage zone is very high in bursting forces. These bursting forces can be computed using the stress trajectory studies.

    From the stress trajectories, bursting forces can be found and corresponding bursting reinforcements can be provided. These reinforcements are also called the end zone reinforcement or bursting links. This zone can be cast separately using a high grade of concrete to ensure safety.

    See less
    • 5
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  8. Asked: July 27, 2020In: Construction Site Related

    Why is propping required for long structures once the formwork is removed?

    CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

    • 3 Questions
    • 53 Answers
    • 4 Best Answers
    • 5 Points
    View Profile
    CB Sowmya User
    Added an answer on July 28, 2020 at 10:13 pm

    The formworks are removed after the concrete has reached a strength at least twice its removal stress. But the members should be supported with the help of props. The reason is because of creep due to the Interfacial transition zone (ITZ). The interfacial transition zone is formed in the concrete beRead more

    The formworks are removed after the concrete has reached a strength at least twice its removal stress. But the members should be supported with the help of props. The reason is because of creep due to the Interfacial transition zone (ITZ).

    The interfacial transition zone is formed in the concrete between the aggregates and the mortar. This zone comprises of high Water cement ratio and hence is the weakest part of the concrete. Due to the high WC ratio, the hydration reaction in the ITZ produces a porous framework in the early stages. This porous network will be filled in subsequently by stronger gels such as CSH gel as the hydration reaction proceeds. But for this to take place, sufficient time is needed. As time increases, the ITZ becomes stronger.

    This is why the creep coefficient reduces as we delay the age of loading. When the props are moved, the self-weight of the structure acts on it, which is equivalent to loading the structure.

    We know that the creep coefficient when loaded at

    Seven days – 2.2

    28 days – 1.6

    One year – 1.1

    Due to the high creep coefficient, the structure may become susceptible to sagging when the props are removed soon.

    See less
    • 2
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sidebar

Popular Articles

  • Gopal Mishra

    Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF]

  • Gopal Mishra

    Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results

  • Sadanandam Anupoju

    16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction

  • Gopal Mishra

    Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates

  • Padmanabhan G

    Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage

Recent Articles

  • Harold A

    Green Building: A Growing Trend For Energy Efficiency And Eco-Friendly Construction

  • Harold A

    Implementing Hazard Communication Programs In Construction Projects

  • Harold A

    Architectural Design Trends: From Minimalism To Futurism

  • Harold A

    The Psychology Of Architectural Landscape Design: Enhancing Well-being

  • Harold A

    The Importance Of Heavy Machinery Safety In Construction Sites

Recent Questions

  • jkshah

    Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge?

    • 1 Answer
  • AKM59

    What is the tolerance for compression test results of concrete, according to the standards?

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used ...

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils?

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What are the different types of handrails used in bridges?

    • 1 Answer

Explore

  • Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sustainability
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

Footer

  • Home
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Popular Questions
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Twitter
  • Telegram

© 2009-2021 The Constructor. All Rights Reserved.