Madeh Izat Hamakareem - Answers
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Scouring of subgrade below/adjacent concrete driveway
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Road shoulder, which is an important of the road, should be provided to protect the road from water ingression, and it also serves as lateral support for the road, parking area for disabled car is it is wide enough, and it prevents edge-drop of cars. Fig. 1 may be a cost-effective way to constructRead more
Road shoulder, which is an important of the road, should be provided to protect the road from water ingression, and it also serves as lateral support for the road, parking area for disabled car is it is wide enough, and it prevents edge-drop of cars. Fig. 1 may be a cost-effective way to construct a road shoulder but it may not be the best way.
Fig. 1: Road Shoulder Constructed from Gravel
Fig. 2: Paved Road Should used as Bike lane
photogrammetric
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
You may find the following references useful: Wolf, P.R. and Ghilani, C.D., 2002, Elementary surveying, an introduction to geomatics , X edition, Prentice Hall: New Jersy. Wolf, P. R. and Dewitt, 2000, Elements of Photogrammetry with applications in GIS , McGraw Hill: Boston. Slama, C. C. (Editor-inRead more
You may find the following references useful:
Wolf, P.R. and Ghilani, C.D., 2002, Elementary surveying, an introduction to geomatics , X edition, Prentice Hall: New Jersy.
Wolf, P. R. and Dewitt, 2000, Elements of Photogrammetry with applications in GIS , McGraw Hill: Boston.
Slama, C. C. (Editor-in-Chief), 1980, Manual of Photogrammetry , American Society of Photogrammetry, 4 th ed., Bethesda, MD.
Moffit, F. H., 1959, Photogrammetry , International Textbook company: Scranton
Rampal, K. K., 1982, Text book of photogrammetry, Oxford & IBH: New Delhi.
See lessRCC issue
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
You do not need to change your steel.
You do not need to change your steel.
See lessrepairing a concrete horizontal beam
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
The beam should be analyzed to find out the cause of deflection, then decide on the repair technique. one solution could be increasing the size of the beam and adding extra reinforcement in order load carrying capacity of the beam, and increase flexural resistance to reduce deflection. Before applicRead more
The beam should be analyzed to find out the cause of deflection, then decide on the repair technique. one solution could be increasing the size of the beam and adding extra reinforcement in order load carrying capacity of the beam, and increase flexural resistance to reduce deflection. Before application of this repair technique, the beam should be released from certain amount of loads through the provision of jacks for the secondary beams. The new cross section with the added reinforcement ratio should be analyzed for compute its load carrying capacity.
See lessWhat is height of instrument and Rise & fall method of levelling?
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Height of Instrument (HI) method: consider the readings taken in the operation shown below: Reduce level can be computed using the following expression: RL of a point = HI - FS = ( RLBM +BS) - FS Arithmetic check: ΣBS - ΣFS= Last RL - first R Where: RL: Reduce Level HI: height of instrument FS: foreRead more
Height of Instrument (HI) method: consider the readings taken in the operation shown below:
Reduce level can be computed using the following expression:
RL of a point = HI – FS = ( RLBM +BS) – FS
Arithmetic check: ΣBS – ΣFS= Last RL – first R
Where:
RL: Reduce Level
HI: height of instrument
FS: foresight
BS: Back sight
BM: Bench Marks
Rise and fall (RF) method: the rise or fall of the ground between successive rod stations is considered. For the same instrument set up,
If 2nd rod reading > first rod reading ⇒ fall
If 2nd rod reading < first rod reading ⇒ rise
Then RL of 2nd station = RL of first station – fall or
RL of first station + rise
See lessSettlement of spread footing foundation under loads
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Equations of Applicable codes can be used to calculate the deflection of these two pad foundation since they are the same except their dimension and load magnitude. It can be estimated roughly that, the settlement of the second one would be twice the first one; the dimension of the second one is douRead more
Equations of Applicable codes can be used to calculate the deflection of these two pad foundation since they are the same except their dimension and load magnitude.
It can be estimated roughly that, the settlement of the second one would be twice the first one; the dimension of the second one is doubled whereas its imposed load is quadrupled.
See lessSoil Sample for Proctor Compaction Test
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
As per Is code 2720: 8 section 4.1.1, Sieve No.4 is used to check whether aggregation materials after they have been broken into individual particles. and only individual particles shall be retained on the sieve no. 4. So, sieve No. 4 is used to check whether the aggregation materials have been brokRead more
As per Is code 2720: 8 section 4.1.1, Sieve No.4 is used to check whether aggregation materials after they have been broken into individual particles. and only individual particles shall be retained on the sieve no. 4. So, sieve No. 4 is used to check whether the aggregation materials have been broken down properly or not.
Based on ASTM D698-00a, Sieve no. 4 used to determine the method of compaction test. This Standard provides three Method of testing namely Method A, Method B, and Method C.
Method A may be used if 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
Method B Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve and 20 % or less by mass of the material is retained on the 3⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve.
Method C —Shall be used if more than 20 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3⁄8-in. (9.5-mm) sieve and less than 30 % by mass of the material is retained on the 3⁄4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.
See lessWhat Factors Affects the Number of Boreholes and their Depths in Subsoil Investigation?
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Number of Boreholes 1-Time allocated for investigations 2- Cost 3- The structure for which the investigation is conducted 4- and sometimes the availability of necessary equipment and individuals with adequate skills and experience. 5- Geological Conditions Borehole numbers are assumed to be economicRead more
Number of Boreholes
1-Time allocated for investigations
2- Cost
3- The structure for which the investigation is conducted
4- and sometimes the availability of necessary equipment and individuals with adequate skills and experience.
5- Geological Conditions
Borehole numbers are assumed to be economical unless their cost would not surpass the amount of savings in foundation cost. Otherwise it will increase the total cost of the project which is not desirable.
Determining Depth of Boreholes
The depth of boreholes is controlled by the depth of the soil that is under the influence of bearing pressure of the foundation. The recommended borehole depth is equal to one to three times the width of the loaded area. This is because it is suggested that bearing pressure below this depth would cause detrimental effect on the structure.
For Detailed Discussion please visit the following article:
https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/setup-borehole-layout-site-investigation-foundations/18857/
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