Earthquake

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PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS TYPES OF BUILDINGS DURING EARTHQUAKE

Different types of buildings suffer different degrees of damage during earthquakes and the same has been studied here. 1. MUD AND ADOBE HOUSES: Unburnt sun dried bricks laid in mud mortar are called adobe construction. Mud houses are the traditional... (Continue reading)

SEISMIC ZONES IN INDIA

SEISMIC ZONES IN INDIA

India being a large landmass is particularly prone to earthquakes. The Indian subcontinent is divided into five seismic zones with respect to the severity of the earthquakes. The classification of the zones has been done by the geologist and scientist... (Continue reading)

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EARTHQUAKE & RELATED TERMS

EARTHQUAKE & RELATED TERMS

Magnitude: Measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake. It is usually expressed using Richter scale. Professor Charles Richter noticed that at a constant distance, seismograms records of earthquake ground vibration of larger earthquake have bigger wave amplitude... (Continue reading)

BASIC ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN

BASIC ELEMENTS OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN

Structures on the earth are generally subjected to load of two types static and dynamic. Static loads are constant with time while dynamic loads are time varying. The majority of civil engineering structures are designed with assumptions that all applied... (Continue reading)

GUIDELINES FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN

GUIDELINES FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN

An earthquake is vibration of earth surface by waves emerging from the source of disturbance in the earth by virtue of release of energy in the earth’s crust. It is essentially a sudden and transient motion or series of motions... (Continue reading)

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND IT’S PRACTICES-I

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND IT’S PRACTICES-I

EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS RELATED TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING •         Ground Shaking: Shakes structures constructed on ground causing them to collapse •         Liquefaction: Conversion of formally stable cohesionless soils to a fluid mass, causing damage to the structures •         Landslides: Triggered by the... (Continue reading)

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND IT’S PRACTICES-II-LATERAL DEFORMATION AND SPREADING

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND IT’S PRACTICES-II-LATERAL DEFORMATION AND SPREADING

Lateral Deformation and Spreading Lateral Spreading: Liquefaction related phenomenon Upslope portion of lateral spread at Budharmora, Gujarat                         Lateral spreading in the soil beneath embankment causes the embankment to be pulled apart, producing the large crack down the center of... (Continue reading)

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND ITS PRACTICES-III-EARTHQUAKE DESTRUCTION

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND ITS PRACTICES-III-EARTHQUAKE DESTRUCTION

Earthquake Destruction: Fire Earthquakes sometimes cause fire due to broken gas lines, contributing to the loss of life and economy. The destruction of lifelines and utilities make impossible for firefighters to reach fires started and make the situation worse eg.... (Continue reading)

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND ITS PRACTICES-IV-GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR LIQUEFACTION HAZARD MITIGATION

EARTHQUAKE GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING AND ITS PRACTICES-IV-GROUND IMPROVEMENT FOR LIQUEFACTION HAZARD MITIGATION

Ground Improvement for Liquefaction Hazard Mitigation Ground Improvement in IS Code         “In poor and weak subsoils, the design of conventional shallow foundation for structures and equipment may present problems with respect to both sizing of foundations as well as... (Continue reading)

Tuned Mass Dampers

Tuned Mass Dampers

A tuned mass damper, also known as an active mass damper (AMD) or harmonic absorber, is a device mounted in structures to prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure caused by vibration. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles,... (Continue reading)

SAFE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MULTISTOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

SAFE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF MULTISTOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

MULTISTOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS A large number of reinforced concrete multistoreyed frame buildings were heavily damaged and many of them collapsed completely in Bhuj earthquake of 2001 in the towns of Kachchh District (viz., Bhuj, Bhachao, Anjar, Gandhidham and Rapar)... (Continue reading)

Base Isolation Method

Base Isolation Method

Base Isolation Method Conventional Construction Practice assumes Fixed Base Structures The Dynamic Characteristics of Fixed Base Structures are determined by the general characteristics of the structural system The Designer can only slightly adjust those Dynamic Characteristics As a matter of... (Continue reading)

Typical Damage and Collapse of RC Buildings

The following types of damage are quite common in reinforced concrete buildings: Sliding of roofs off the supports Where the beams simply rest on walls or columns, they are bound to slide, when the earthquake intensity exceeds the frictional resistance... (Continue reading)

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Seismic Design of Multi-Storied RCC Buildings

Reinforced concrete multi-storied buildings are very complex to model as structural systems for analysis. Usually, they are modeled as two-dimensional or three-dimensional frame systems using finite beam elements. For evaluating stiffness matrix of beam elements, the properties required are –... (Continue reading)

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Structural Dynamics – Downloads

Structural dynamics is a subset of structural analysis which covers the behaviour of structures subjected to dynamic loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts. Any structure can be subject to dynamic loading. Dynamic analysis can be... (Continue reading)

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Earthquake Engineering – Basics

What is an Earthquake and How does it has effect on Civil Engineering Structures? WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE? An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the Earth’s surface.... (Continue reading)

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