Different types of buildings suffer different degrees of damage during earthquakes and the same has been studied here. 1. MUD AND ADOBE HOUSES: Unburnt sun dried bricks laid in mud mortar are called adobe construction. Mud houses are the traditional... (Continue reading)
Magnitude: Measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake. It is usually expressed using Richter scale. Professor Charles Richter noticed that at a constant distance, seismograms records of earthquake ground vibration of larger earthquake have bigger wave amplitude... (Continue reading)
Pipelines are a very important part of modern civilization. And pipeline transport has become the most important way of moving fluids from one point to the other. Pipelines have been used for millennia for the movement of water and pipeline... (Continue reading)
Structures on the earth are generally subjected to load of two types static and dynamic. Static loads are constant with time while dynamic loads are time varying. The majority of civil engineering structures are designed with assumptions that all applied... (Continue reading)
An earthquake is vibration of earth surface by waves emerging from the source of disturbance in the earth by virtue of release of energy in the earth’s crust. It is essentially a sudden and transient motion or series of motions... (Continue reading)
The loads are broadly classified as vertical loads, horizontal loads and longitudinal loads. The vertical loads consist of dead load, live load and impact load. The horizontal loads comprises of wind load and earthquake load. The longitudinal loads i.e. tractive... (Continue reading)
This was the traditional method of design not only for reinforced concrete, but also for structural steel and timber design. The method basically assumes that the structural material behaves as a linear elastic manner, and that adequate safety can be... (Continue reading)
The entire process of structural planning and design requires not only imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of practical aspects, such as recent design codes and bye-laws, backed up by ample experience, institution and judgment. It is emphasized... (Continue reading)
Assumptions Concrete has no tensile resistance The reinforcing resists all the tensile forces. Maximum tensile stress in the steel: The characteristic cube stress of the concrete = fcu and the compressive stress in the concrete = 0,4 fcu The maximum... (Continue reading)
The development length may be defined as the length of the bar required on either side of the section to develop the required stress in steel at that section. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF BARS The development length Ld, is given by... (Continue reading)
Reliability? “BEST bus services are very reliable” “BMC water supply is not very reliable” “In Mumbai, Western Railway’s service is more reliable than that of the Central Railway” What is reliability, in technical terms? How do we measure it? Why... (Continue reading)
A tuned mass damper, also known as an active mass damper (AMD) or harmonic absorber, is a device mounted in structures to prevent discomfort, damage, or outright structural failure caused by vibration. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles,... (Continue reading)
Design of Steel Tanks The steel tanks are defined as vessels made of steel plates. The steel tanks are either placed on ground or placed on towers. When the steel tanks are placed on ground, then, these are supported on... (Continue reading)
MULTISTOREY REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS A large number of reinforced concrete multistoreyed frame buildings were heavily damaged and many of them collapsed completely in Bhuj earthquake of 2001 in the towns of Kachchh District (viz., Bhuj, Bhachao, Anjar, Gandhidham and Rapar)... (Continue reading)
The steel chimneys are of two types: Self-supporting steel chimneys Guyed steel chimneys. Self-supporting steel chimneys: When the lateral forces (wind or seismic forces) are transmitted to the foundation by the cantilever action of the chimney, then the chimney is... (Continue reading)
Portal Frame Design with Example Design Steps: 1. Design of slabs 2. Preliminary design of beams and columns 3. Analysis 4. Design of beams 5. Design of Columns 6. Design of footings Problem: A portal frame hinged at base has... (Continue reading)