While considering restoration work, it is important to realise that even fine cracks in load bearing members, which are un-reinforced, like masonry and plain concrete reduce their resistance very largely. Therefore all cracks must be located and marked carefully and the critical ones fully repaired either by injecting strong cement or chemical grout or by(…)
Tips
RECOMMENDED CONCRETE MIXES FOR VARIOUS CONSTRUCTION
RECOMMENDED CONCRETE MIXES FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION WORKS: Type of work App. Concrete Mix Max. size of aggregates (mm) Water for one cement bag batch (ltr) Total for dry aggregates For aggregates condition from dry to moist Best consistency Small precast work, fence posts, poles, garden furniture and other work of very thin sections(…)
TIPS FOR CORE EXTRACTION & TESTING OF CONCRETE
Core extraction and testing of concrete covers obtaining, preparing, and testing cores drilled from concrete for compressive strength test of casted concrete structures. Reference Standard codes: ASTM code C 42 IS 516 IS 1199 General Tips of Core Extraction: Concrete strength is affected by location of the concrete in structural element, with concrete at the(…)
COMPONENTS OF STAIRCASE
Following are the terms used for components of staircase: Step – The step is composed of the tread and riser. Tread – The part of the stairway that is stepped on. It is constructed to the same specifications (thickness) as any other flooring. The tread "depth" is measured from the outer edge of the step(…)
SETTING OUT A BUILDING PLAN ON GROUND
A building is set out in order to clearly define the outline of the excavation and the centre line of the walls, so that construction can be carried out exactly according to the plan. The centre line method of setting out is generally preferred and adopted. PROCEDURE Fig.1: Example plan to be set out on(…)
DESIGN AND DETAILING OF RCC BEAMS
RCC beams structural elements are designed to carry transverse external loads that cause bending moment, shear forces and in some cases torsion across their length. Concrete is strong in compression and very weak in tension. Steel reinforcement is used to take up tensile stresses in reinforced concrete beams. Mild steel bars of round section were(…)
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE MEMBERS
Minimum Thickness of Structural Concrete members and Concrete embedded Elements Structural concrete member sizes should be as per Design Requirements. However, minimum dimensions of structural members can be considered as given below: Sl. No. Structural Element Minimum Thickness 1 Pile cap 600mm 2 Levelling concrete below liquid retaining structures 100mm 3 Levelling concrete for other(…)
POINTS TO REMEMBER FOR CIVIL SITE ENGINEERS
Following are few general points to remember for civil site engineers to make the construction work easier while maintaining quality of construction. Lapping is not allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm. Chair spacing maximum spacing is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1m2. For dowels rod minimum of 12 mm diameter(…)