Types of Construction Cost Estimates Construction cost constitutes only a fraction, though a substantial fraction, of the total project cost. However, it is the part of the cost under the control of the construction project manager. The required levels of accuracy of construction cost estimates vary at different stages of project development, ranging from ball(…)
Construction
CONCRETE CHEMICALS AND APPLICATIONS
Concrete Chemicals (Admixtures) and Applications Admixtures are materials other than cement, aggregate and water that are added to concrete either before or during its mixing to alter its properties, such as workability, curing temperature range, set time or color. Some admixtures have been in use for a very long time in concrete construction, such as(…)
GREEN ROOFING – A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY
A green roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layers such as a root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. (The use of “green” refers to the growing trend of environmentalism and does(…)
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT COST ESTIMATING
Estimating the cost of a proposed construction project is a very complex process containing much variable factors.Proper study, training and experience are needed to become proficient in this area of engineering. There are several categories that can have significant impacts on project costs. The estimator should be aware of them and properly evaluate their effects.(…)
FEATURES OF PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
Because precast concrete can be cast at ground level in factory conditions, it has these added features: Better Finishes: Better finishes can be obtained with precast concrete because the inside surface of the mould is kept in good condition. There is no grout loss, such as that from badly fitting formwork, which results in poor(…)
CONCRETING UNDER SPECIAL CONDITIONS
1. Work in Extreme Weather Conditions: Concreting operations done at atmospheric temperature above 400 C, need special attention. IS 7861(part-1)-1975 gives the recommended practices that would result in concrete possessing improved characteristics in the fresh as well as hardened state. Good practices of concreting require special care with respect to following: Temperature control of concrete(…)
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT COSTS
Construction Project Costs The principal components of a contractor’s costs and expenses result from the use of labors, materials, equipment, and subcontractors. Additional general overhead cost components include taxes, premiums on bonds and insurance, and interest on loans. The sum of a project’s direct costs and its allocated indirect costs is termed the project cost.(…)
CONSTRUCTION COST ESTIMATION
Construction cost estimation is done to know in advance the expected cost in varying degree of accuracy, at different phases of the project. Owner’s Purpose of Estimate Making investment decision in the conceptual stage. Negotiate and finalize the contract at the implementation phase. To implement cost control measures. Contractor‘s Purpose of Estimate Determine project cost(…)