Buildings with underground structures are often constructed using the bottom-up approach, where sub-structure and super-structure levels are built one after the other, beginning from the building’s foundation and moving towards the top. Although this traditional approach, known as the bottom-up ...
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13 Types of Domes in Architecture
A dome is an architectural element that is curved in shape and forms the top half of a sphere. Domes do not need any internal support and can cover a great area while using very little quantity of material. Domes ...
8 Types of Structures in Civil Engineering
A structure comprises several components that are connected to one another and function to transfer the loads to the soil successfully. Modern structural engineering offers a broad and in-depth body of knowledge that can precisely predict the performance of various ...
Asphaltic Plug Joints for Bridges: Material Requirement, Construction, and Testing
Asphaltic plug joint (APJ) is a type of bridge expansion joint that is a simple general-purpose expansion device for bridges having a total motion of less than 50 mm (2 in). These joints are used in joint expansion sealing on ...
1915 Çanakkale Bridge: World’s Longest Suspension Bridge
The 1915 Canakkale Bridge or Dardanelles Bridge is the world’s longest mid-span road suspension bridge situated in Canakkale in northwestern Turkey. The bridge is 3.7 km long and is built over the Dardanelles Strait in the Canakkale province. The name ...
What is Longitudinal Skin Reinforcement in a Beam?
Longitudinal skin reinforcement is deformed bars, wires, or bonded prestressed reinforcement placed uniformly on both sides of the vertical face of the tension zone in relatively deep beams to control crack width. If the deep beam is not equipped with ...
Submerged Floating Tunnel: Principle, Features, and Challenges
A submerged floating tunnel (SFT), also called Archimedes bridge or suspended tunnel, is a tunnel that floats in water supported by its buoyancy (specifically, by employing the hydrostatic thrust, or Archimedes’ principle). Tunnels in water are not new in civil ...
How to Select the Orientation of Wing Wall in the Design of Bridge Abutment?
A wing wall is a structural member located at the end of a bridge structure. When it is constructed integrally with the abutment, it is termed as cantilever wing wall and when separated from the abutment with expansion or construction ...