What is Rebar? Steel reinforcement bars or rebars are used to improve the tensile strength of the concrete, since concrete is very weak in tension, but is strong in compression. Steel is only used as rebar because elongation of steel ...
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Retaining Wall Types, Materials, Economy, and Applications
What is a retaining wall? Retaining wall is a structure that are designed and constructed to withstand lateral pressure of soil or hold back soil materials. The lateral pressure could be also due to earth filling, liquid pressure, sand, and ...
Integral Bridges – Types, Advantages and Limitations
What is an Integral bridge? Integral bridges are constructed without any joints between spans or between span and abutments. The superstructure along with abutments acts as single structural element. Types of Integral Bridges Integrals bridges are classified into four types ...
Portland Pozzolana Cement – Manufacture, Properties and Uses
Portland Pozzolana cement is integrated cement which is formed by synthesising OPC cement with pozzolanic materials in a certain proportion. It is commonly known as PPC cement. In this article we discuss about the properties, manufacture, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages ...
Types of High-Rise Buildings Structural Systems
A multistory building higher than 21m or 21 to 29 floor buildings with unknown height described as high-rise structure. Various structural systems are available to be used in the construction of high rise building. In this article, different types of ...
Methods to Monitor Crack Width Changes in Structures
Observing crack width changes is one of the techniques used to monitor structural damages due to ground movements, and there are several instruments used to monitor crack width changes. These instruments are discussed below. Methods to Monitor Crack Width Changes ...
12 Types of Loads Considered for Design of Bridge Structures
Various types of loads are considered for design of bridge structures. These loads and their combinations decides the safety of the bridge construction during its use under all circumstances. The design loads should be considered properly for perfect design of ...
Methods to Rectify Over Leaned Buildings and Structures
There are number of factors that cause the structure to excessively lean or settle. For example, liquefaction of soil beneath the foundation after earthquake occurrence, excavation, groundwater condition variation, poor soil bearing capacity, inappropriate foundation and construction defects. When a ...