There are various types of liners used for sewer sanitary system such as cast in place liners, chemically attached liners and mechanically attached liners which are categorized based on attachment technique and type of material used in the liner production. ...
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What are the Purpose of Dewatering Foundation Excavations?
There are various reasons that enforce dewatering of foundation excavation such as to keep excavation bottom dry, prevent ground water or soil leakage, prevent sand boiling, to prevent upheaval failure, prevent basement floatation. In this article, foundation dewatering motivation are ...
Methods of Excavation Used for Deep Foundation Construction
There are number of excavation methods which are used for deep foundation construction such as full open cut method, bracing excavation, anchored excavation, island excavation methods,zoned excavation, top down construction methods etc. These excavation techniques are discussed. Fig.1: Excavation for ...
What are the Causes of Failure in Deep Excavations?
There are various factors that may lead to failure in open and braced deep excavations. Those factors will be discussed briefly. Causes of Failure in Deep Excavations Causes of failure in deep excavation are divided into two subtopics which include: ...
What is Pile Drivability? Factors Influencing Pile Drivability and its Evaluation
What is pile drivability? It is the ability of the pile to be driven to a designated depth without suffering without sustaining damages. The ultimate resistance of soil against a pile, which is driven without suffering any damages using suitable ...
Aesthetic Guidelines for Bridge Structures
If bridge structure has aesthetically pleasant appearance, it will contribute the improvement of city and landscape appearances. However, there are cases in which bridge structures deteriorates landscape due to its ugly appearances. That is why this article will shed light ...
Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Concrete – Properties, Applications, Advantages
What is Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning Concrete? Self cleaning concrete is produced by adding catalytic material to the concrete mixture. It is a new construction material that has been developed in the past three decades. The most prominent properties of the type ...
Geotechnical Subsurface Explorations – Purpose, Factors and Stages
Purpose of geotechnical subsurface exploration, factors influencing the scope of such explorations and stages of subsurface earthquake explorations for geotechnical earthquake analysis are discussed. Purpose of Geotechnical Subsurface Exploration The purpose of subsurface exploration is to determine and specify earthquake ...