Free-standing retaining walls are constructed in an open excavation and the retained soil is backfilled after construction. Generally free-standing walls are only economically viable on sites where there is sufficient space to compact the sides of the excavation to stable ...
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Testing of Sand Quality at Construction Site for Concrete
There are different methods for testing of sand quality at construction site for concrete construction. Quality of sand is as much of importance as other materials for concrete. Aggregate most of which pass through 4.75 mm IS sieve is known as ...
CONCRETE WATERPROOFING BY POLYETHYLENE FILMS
Polyethylene Films are used for waterproofing in Walls or base of Structures. Water proof treatment is applied as outlined and as per sequence given below: a) The concrete surface is made smooth with 12 mm cement plaster 1:6 ii) Apply ...
Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders
The compressive strength of the concrete cylinder is one of the most common performance measures performed by the engineers in the structural design. Here, the compressive strength of concrete cylinders is determined by applying continuous load over the cylinder until ...
Core Sampling and Testing of Concrete and Factors Affecting Strength
Concrete cores are used for testing of actual properties of concrete in existing structures such as strength, permeability, chemical analysis, carbonation etc. Sampling of concrete cores and testing its strength is described. While Rebound Hammer, CAPO/Pullout, Windsor probe and ultrasonic ...
Role of Design Engineer in Geotechnical Investigations
Structural Design Engineer play an important role not only in making a structure safe structurally, but also by ensuring that the site where the construction has to be carried out is safe for the given structure. It becomes very much ...
Required Properties of Concrete Repair Materials
Besides being of compatible properties, repair materials for cement, concrete/mortar shall also be easy to apply and require no attention after the repair has been applied. Required Properties of Concrete Repair Materials The essential parameters for deciding upon a repair ...
Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) for Concrete -Properties and Advantages
Manufactured sand (M-Sand) is a substitute of river sand for concrete construction produced from hard granite stone by crushing. Advantages and properties of m-sand are discussed.