Freezing reduces strength of concrete by 20 to 40 % when fresh concrete is subjected to freezing. Antifreeze admixtures of concrete, its properties and uses in cold weather concreting are discussed. The resistance of the fresh concrete against the freeze ...
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Measurement of Air Content in Concrete by Pressure Air Method
Measurement of Air Content in Concrete Air content of concrete is measured by the pressure air measurement method which is based on the principles of The Boyle’s law. The Boyle’s law states that the volume of the gas is inversely ...
Asphalt Shingles as Roofing Material and its Types
The manufacture of asphalt roofing materials has been undergone from the 1890s. Today asphalt shingles cover 70 to 80 percent of the roofs in united states. It has now spread to different part of the world. The asphalt roof shingles ...
Selection of Superplasticizers for High-Performance Concrete
Superplasticizers are used to fluidify the concrete in the field. Most of the superplasticizers helped to maintain high slump values for a time of 30 to 45 minutes. But some of the Portland cement do no behave well with the ...
Installation of Wooden Flooring over Concrete Slab
Any installation of wooden flooring over a concrete slab must be carried out only after having a polyethylene vapor barrier on the ground where the concrete slab is laid and on the top of the concrete slab. This is to ...
Types of Shrinkages in Concrete and its Preventions
Shrinkage is an inherent property of concrete. The shrinkage in concrete can be defined as the volume changes observed in concrete due to the loss of moisture at different stages due to different reasons.
What are Different Timber Producing Trees for Use in Construction?
Timber is used for so many purposes in construction industry. Constructional timber is obtained from the different types of trees which are abundantly available in different regions. Some of the most used timber producing trees and their uses in engineering ...
Photogrammetry – Aerial Photography and Procedure in Surveying
Photogrammetry or aerial photography is the branch of surveying that deals with production of maps such as planimetric or topographic maps by compiling number of photographs taken in that area. Photogrammetry consists two branches: Terrestrial photogrammetry Aerial photogrammetry In terrestrial ...