Soil investigation is carried out to estimate the engineering properties of soils, which depends on soil structure, i.e. nature of soil grains and their arrangement, volume of air and water (degree of saturation and porosity). Since these properties of soil ...
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IS Codes for Reinforced Concrete Design of Structures
This article describes the basic codes for reinforced concrete design of structures as per Indian standard codes. The structural design of reinforced concrete structures should be carried so as to conform to the Indian codes for reinforced concrete design, published ...
Unified Soil Classification System (USCS)
Unified soil classification system is adopted by ASTM D-2487-98 and IS: 1498-1970 for classification and identification of soils for general engineering purpose. Unified Soil Classification System Soils are broadly classified into three divisions: Coarse grained soils: In these soils, 50% ...
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FRPs
Mechanical Properties of FRPs Many FRPs have tensile strengths that exceed the strength of steel, but their stiffness is generally lower than that of steel. When loaded along the fiber direction they behave essentially linearly until fracture, and are therefore ...
DESIGNED CONCRETE SPECIFICATIONS
Designed concrete are those for which the producer is responsible for selecting the mix proportions to meet the required performance as communicated by the specifier. Therefore it is essential that the specifier, in compiling the specification, takes account of: The ...
Accelerating Water-Reducing Concrete Admixtures
Accelerators increase the initial rate of chemical reaction between the cement and the water so that the concrete stiffens, hardens, and develops strength more quickly. They have a negligible effect on consistence, and 28-day strengths are seldom affected. Accelerating admixtures ...
PRECAST CONCRETE BLOCKS
A precast concrete block is primarily used as a building material in the construction of walls. It is sometimes called a concrete masonry unit (CMU). A concrete block is one of several precast concrete products used in construction. The term ...
MULTI-STOREY CAR PARKING SYSTEM – PROJECT REPORT
Automatic multistoried car parking system helps to minimize the parking area. In the modern world where parking space has become a very big problem, it has become very important to avoid the wastage of space in modern big companies and ...
CAUSES OF FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT
Settlement of foundation can be defined as its permanent downward displacement. There are two basic causes of foundation settlement: Settlement Due Directly to the Weight of the Structure The first type of settlement is directly caused by the weight of ...
Advanced Composite Materials (ACM)
Advanced Composite Materials (ACMs) can be defined as a combination of materials appropriately arranged using reinforcing fibers, carefully chosen matrixes, and sometimes auxiliary materials like adhesive core and other inserts. These combinations after proper manipulation and processing result in a ...