Tie Bars are deformed steel bars, deformed epoxy coated steels, or connectors that are used to hold faces of rigid slabs in contact, as per AASHTO, 1993. Not only are they used to decline transverse cracking but also avoid separation ...
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Euler’s Theory of Column Buckling
Euler’s theory of column buckling is used to estimate the critical buckling load of column since the stress in the column remains elastic. The critical buckling load is the maximum load that a column can withstand when it is on ...
Bitumen Extraction Test
Bitumen Extraction Test is used to determine the percentage of bitumen content present in the asphaltic pavement by cold solvent extraction. The properties of flexible pavement such as durability, compatibility, and resistance from defects bleeding, raveling, and aging of flexible pavement ...
Mivan Formwork – Components, Erection, Features, Comparison
Mivan formwork is the advanced formwork system made of strong and sturdy aluminum components that has great strength, durability, simple to install, adaptable and is used in the construction of residential units and mass housing projects. In this article, we ...
Cold Weather Concreting: Guidance, and Strategies
Cold weather concreting is the process of placement, finishing, curing, and protection of concrete during cold weather, as per ACI 306.1. The cold weather occurs when the average outdoor temperature is below 4.4C (40F) for more than three successive days. ...
Manhole – Purpose, Types, and Construction
A manhole or an inspection chamber is a unit constructed underground to provide access to the utilities like a sewer system, drainage system, etc. Hence, with the help of a manhole, underground utilities are inspected, modified, cleaned and maintained. The ...
Determination of Dry Density of Soil by Water Displacement Method
Water displacement test method is used to determine the dry density of soil. It is suitable for evaluating in-place dry density of cohesive soil due to the nature of specimen required. The soil sample should be trimmed to obtain a ...
Quality and Safety Concern in Building Constructions
Quality control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project managers. This is because defects or failures in constructed facilities can result in the loss of very large costs. Even with minor defects, re-construction may be required and facility operations ...