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Construction documents are written, graphic, and pictorial documents prepared or assembled for describing and communicating the design, location, and physical characteristics of the elements of a project necessary for obtaining a building permit and administering the contract for ...
As everything in the world, concrete also has a lifespan and it wears out over time. Imperfections forms when the concrete hardens or sinks into the ground. Pouring fresh concrete over the existing concrete is a common way ...
Concrete waterproofing is the application of impervious material layer on concrete which prevents water from penetrating and making the structure waterproof so that it remains relatively unaffected by water. Concrete is pervious and porous compound which absorbs water, ...
A bollard is a short post used to create a protective or architectural perimeter. They come in a wide variety of shapes and styles to accentuate or visually stand out in their settings. Bollards can be made from ...
In RCC structures, the placement of a single reinforcement bar may not meet the desired length of the concrete section. Hence, it becomes necessary to overlap two bars, so that the desired length is met. This length overlapped ...
The Power-Pole Finisher is a concrete finishing trowel that is used in achieving concrete finishes such as flatwork, decorative concrete and stamping on wet concrete before the initial setting. Extension poles allow the operator to stand outside the formed ...
Proof stress of a material can be defined as the stress at which the material undergoes plastic deformation. Proof stress is determined as the stress corresponding to 0.2% of strain from the stress-strain curve of the given material. ...
Guidelines for the construction of concrete foundations ensure strength, durability, and longevity of foundation structures. Consequently, the concrete foundations are constructed properly and according to standards and requirements. Construction guidelines for concrete foundations can be ...