Join

Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Have an account? Log in
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Have an account? Log in Now

Log in

Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Join Here

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.

Have an account? Log in Now

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. Join now!

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here
Join now!

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. Join now!

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here
Join now!
The Constructor Logo The Constructor Logo
Log inJoin

The Constructor

The Constructor Navigation

  • Articles
    • Recent Articles
    • Popular Articles
    • Write for us
  • Community
  • Categories
    • How To Guide
      • Material Testing Guide
    • Concrete
    • Building
      • Brick Masonry
      • Building Materials
      • Building Tips
    • Construction
      • Equipments
      • Management
    • Digital Construction
    • Geotechnical
      • Foundation
  • Case Studies
Search
Ask A Question

Mobile menu

Close
Ask a Question
  • Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sustainability
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer - Polls

Home/ Abbas Khan Civil Engineer/Polls
Ask Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Do you need to remove the ads? Join now!

  • About
  • Questions
  • Polls
  • Answers
  • Best Answers
  • Asked Questions
  • Followed Questions
  • Favorite Questions
  • Articles
  • Comments
  • Groups

Discy Latest Questions

Asked: July 27, 2020In: Environmental Engineering

What is Waste Stabilization Pond?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

What is Waste Stabilization Pond?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on December 18, 2020 at 8:15 pm

    Waste or wastewater stabilization ponds are large, man made water bodies in which blackwater, greywater or faecal sludge are treated by natural occurring processes and the influence of solar light, wind, and microorganisms and algae. The ponds can be used individually or linked in a series for improRead more

    Waste or wastewater stabilization ponds are large, man made water bodies in which blackwater, greywater or faecal sludge are treated by natural occurring processes and the influence of solar light, wind, and microorganisms and algae. The ponds can be used individually or linked in a series for improved treatment.

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 0
  • 6 6 Answers
  • 1,457 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 15, 2020In: Construction Site Related

How GIS is used for urban planing and land development?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

What commands and tools are used in GIS to develop land development and urban planning and housing?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on December 3, 2020 at 9:56 pm

    GIS can help to store, manipulate and analyze physical, social, and economic data of the city. Planners can then use the spatial query and mapping functions of GIS to analyze the existing situation in the city. GIS also helps in identifying changes in geographical features or behaviour of a land oveRead more

    GIS can help to store, manipulate and analyze physical, social, and economic data of the city. Planners can then use the spatial query and mapping functions of GIS to analyze the existing situation in the city. GIS also helps in identifying changes in geographical features or behaviour of a land over a specified time.

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 1
  • 3 3 Answers
  • 417 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: June 29, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What is the Spatial Analysis in GIS? What is its importance for civil engineers?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

What is the Spatial Analysis in GIS? What is its importance for civil engineers?

  1. Ancy Joby

    Ancy Joby

    • 20 Questions
    • 11 Answers
    • 1 Best Answer
    • 580 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    Ancy Joby Learner
    Added an answer on July 2, 2020 at 6:37 pm

    Civil engineers can apply the wide variety of data from variety of sources in their field. They can practically apply the 'Spatial analysis' in field surveys, to solve location problems. Spacial analysis helps to apply modern technology in geographical surveys to manage, analyse, and visualise the dRead more

    Civil engineers can apply the wide variety of data from variety of sources in their field. They can practically apply the ‘Spatial analysis’ in field surveys, to solve location problems. Spacial analysis helps to apply modern technology in geographical surveys to manage, analyse, and visualise the data in a effective way.

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 0
  • 2 2 Answers
  • 682 Views
  • 1 Follower
Asked: June 18, 2020In: Construction

What is the difference between UTM and WGS in GIS software ?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

What is the difference between UTM and WGS in a GIS software? What is the significance of both in specifying locations on the earth?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

    • 49 Questions
    • 255 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,050 Points
    View Profile
    Komal Bhandakkar AUTHOR
    Added an answer on October 20, 2020 at 5:46 pm
    This answer was edited.
    What is the difference between UTM and WGS in GIS software ?

    Difference between UTM & WGS in GIS software: UTM and WGS both are examples of coordinate systems. The difference is that WGS is a Geographic coordinate system and UTM is a projected coordinate system. Geographic coordinate systems are based on a spheroid and utilise angular units(i.e. degree) PRead more

    Difference between UTM & WGS in GIS software:

    UTM and WGS both are examples of coordinate systems.

    • The difference is that WGS is a Geographic coordinate system and UTM is a projected coordinate system.

    • Geographic coordinate systems are based on a spheroid and utilise angular units(i.e. degree)

    • Projected coordinate systems are based on a plane and utilize units i.e. for feet, metre, etc.

    Thank you.

    See less
    • 25
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 0
  • 4 4 Answers
  • 9,664 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: June 12, 2020In: Miscellaneous

How to find Area of a Location using GIS software? Ex: Dam

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

How to find the area of a location using GIS software?

  1. Rohan Chaugule

    Rohan Chaugule

    • 12 Questions
    • 11 Answers
    • 1 Best Answer
    • 1,045 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    Rohan Chaugule Expert
    Added an answer on June 14, 2020 at 7:16 pm

    If you are using QGIS software then go to the measure command in the toolbar present and click on measure area and draw the border using the cursor along the periphery of the boundary line precisely & click measure. Also, don't forget to choose the desired units i.e. m2 or ft2.

    If you are using QGIS software then go to the measure command in the toolbar present and click on measure area and draw the border using the cursor along the periphery of the boundary line precisely & click measure. Also, don’t forget to choose the desired units i.e. m2 or ft2.

    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 0
  • 1 1 Answer
  • 357 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: May 31, 2020In: Environmental Engineering

How to Determine the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Total Suspended Solids in the Water?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

How to determine the Total dissolved solids (TDS) and Total suspended solids in the water? Kindly explain it?

  1. Vishwajeet Kumar

    Vishwajeet Kumar

    • 0 Questions
    • 4 Answers
    • 1 Best Answer
    • 981 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    Vishwajeet Kumar Learner
    Added an answer on June 6, 2020 at 4:28 pm

    Determination of Total Dissolved Solids TDS in water is due to the dissolved salts and minerals in water which are usually present in the form of ions; ex- sodium, potassium, carbonates, sulphates etc. Sometimes these dissolved solids can be toxic and also causes formation of scales in pipes and henRead more

    Determination of Total Dissolved Solids

    TDS in water is due to the dissolved salts and minerals in water which are usually present in the form of ions; ex- sodium, potassium, carbonates, sulphates etc. Sometimes these dissolved solids can be toxic and also causes formation of scales in pipes and hence determination of the same is essential.

    TDS can be determined by two methods:

    1. Gravimetric analysis: This method is a laboratory method and is time taking but results are accurate. Here, water sample is prepared by filtering water by 1.5 micron filter so as to separate suspended soilds from the water.

    Procedure-

    Step1- Take an empty beaker and note down it’s weight, say- 20 g.

    Step2- Put water sample in the beaker and take weight again, say-220 g which, means weight of water=220 g – 20 g=200 g.

    Step3- Heat the beaker to evaporate water and once all the water is evaporated take the weight of beaker along with the residue, say-21 g which means weight of residue is= 21g – 20 g=1 g.

     

    weight of residue= 1 g= 1000 mg

    weight of water=200 g

    Volume of water=200/1(density of water= 1 g/cc)

    =200 cc=200 mL=0.2 litres

    TDS=1000 mg/0.2 Litres= 5000 mg/L=5000 ppm.

    *Note- when water is evaporated, dissolved solids in the form of ions combines    to  form solid residue.

    2. TDS meter: Dissolved solids are usually present in water in the form of        ions and ions conduct electricity. This principle is utilized in finding the TDS of water. TDS meter tip is dipped inside water which measures the amount of electricity getting conducted and this electricity value is calibrated to TDS value in ppm or mg/L. This method is very quick to use and is widely popular. Results of this test are approximate because all the dissolved solids present in water are not present as ions.

    Determination of Total Suspended solids

    Total Suspended solids are determined by Gravimetric Analysis in laboratory. Since water contains both dissolved as well as suspended solids, hence for the determination it is essential to separate the two solids.

    First, water sample is filtered using 1.5 micron filter and the residual contents over filter contains suspended solids. This filter is kept inside oven at 104°C and taken out after an hour. The dried weight of filter along with dried residue is taken. After subtracting the weight of filter in this weight , the suspended solids weight is found out and by dividing the weight of suspended solids by volume of water, the Total Suspended Solids value in ppm or mg/L can arrived at.

     

     

    See less
    • 38
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 1
  • 2 2 Answers
  • 5,994 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: May 31, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What is the Procedure to Design the Double Angle Tension Member in Steel Structures with formulas?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

What is the procedure to design the double angle tension member in steel structures with formulas? Kindly elaborate on it?

  1. Amit Bhuriya

    Amit Bhuriya

    • 0 Questions
    • 2 Answers
    • 1 Best Answer
    • 256 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    Amit Bhuriya Beginner
    Added an answer on June 20, 2020 at 11:19 pm

    As per Section 6 (Design of Tension Members) of IS 800:2007 – Code of Practice for Construction in Steel, The design strength of the tension member is the minimum of following, Design strength due to yielding of the gross section (Tdg) (Clause 6.2 of IS 800:2007). Design Strength Due to Rupture of CRead more

    As per Section 6 (Design of Tension Members) of IS 800:2007 – Code of Practice for Construction in Steel,

    The design strength of the tension member is the minimum of following,

    1. Design strength due to yielding of the gross section (Tdg) (Clause 6.2 of IS 800:2007).
    2. Design Strength Due to Rupture of Critical Section (Tdn) (Clause 6.3 of IS 800:2007).
    3. Design Strength Due to Block Shear (Tdb) (Clause 6.4 of IS 800:2007).

    Let’s take an example to understand the designing of double angle tension member:

    Data Known:

    Service Load, T = 200 N/mm2

    STEP 1:

    Factored Load, Tu = Tdg = 1.5 x 200 = 300 N/mm2

    Considering the tension member fails due to yielding of gross section, determine the gross area of angles required.

    Tdg = AgFy/ꙋm0 → Ag = Tdgꙋm0/Fy

    Ag = (300 x 103 x 1.1)/250 = 1320 mm2

    The total gross area of tension member (Ag) required is 1320 mm2. Remember this is the area of two angle sections. Therefore,

    Gross area of single angle section (Ag1) = (Ag)/2 = 1320/2 = 660 mm2

    From steel table (SP 6-1), choose an angle having gross area of single angle about 25% to 40% more than computed above.

    Taking Rolled Steel Equal Angle ISA 60x60x8 having following properties,

    Sectional Area, A= 896mm2

    Total Gross Area, Ag0 = 2×896 = 1792 mm2 > 1320 mm2 (O.K)

    STEP 2:

    Designing Connections: – We can provide either bolted or welded connections, so let us provide bolted connections.

    Total thickness of angles having outstanding legs placed back to back,

    ta = 8+8 =16mm

    Let us provide 20mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6 and Steel of grade Fe415,

    Diameter of bolt, d = 20mm

    Diameter of bolt hole, dh = 20 + 2 = 22mm (Table 19 of IS 800:2007)

    Fu = 410 N/mm2

    Fub = 400 N/mm2

    Fy = 250 N/mm2

    1. Edge distance of bolts (e) = 1.5dh = 1.5 x 22 = 33 ≈ 40mm
    2. End distance of bolts = 1.5dh = 1.5 x 22 = 33 ≈ 40mm
    • Minimum pitch (p) = 2.5d = 2.5 x 20 = 50 ≈ 60mm
    1. Kb = least of
    2. e/(3dh) = 40/(3×22) = 0.606
    3. (f/(3dh)) – 0.25 = (60/(3×22)) – 0.25 = 0.659
    4. Fub/Fu = 410/400 = 0.975
    5. 1

    Kb = 0.606

    1. Design strength of Bolt (i.e Bolt Value)
      • Design shearing strength of bolt in double shear

    = 2 x (Fub/√3) x (Anb/ꙋmb) where, Anb = 0.78 x (πd2/4)

    = 2 x (400/√3) x ((0.78 x (π(20)2/4))/1.25)

    = 90.545 KN

      • Design bearing capacity of bolt

    = (2.5 Kb d t Fub)/ ꙋmb

    = (2.5 x 0.606 x 20 x 16 x 400)/1.25

    = 155.136 KN

    Therefore, Bolt Value = Least of (90.545, 155.136) = 90.545 KN

    No. of bolts required, N = (Tu/Bolt Value) = (300/90.545) = 3.31 ≈ 4 nos

    STEP 3:

    Check of Strength due to rupture of critical section,

    The design strength,

    Tdn = 0.9Ancfu/ꙋm1 + βAgofy/ ꙋm0

    Where,

    β = 1.4 – 0.076(w/t)( fy/fu)( bs/Lc) ≤ (fu ꙋm0/fy ꙋm1)

    ≥ 0.7

    w = outstand leg width = 60mm

    t = total thickness of angles = 16mm

    w1 = end distance = 40mm

    bs = shear lag distance = w + w1 – t = 60 + 40 – 16 = 84mm

    Lc = length of end connection = 3 x 60 = 180mm

    β = 1.4 – 0.076(60/16)(250/410)(84/180)

    = 1.4 – 0.081

    = 1.319 ≤ (410×1.1/250×1.25) = 1.4432 (OK)

    ≥ (0.7) (OK)

     

    Anc = (60+60-2 x 22) x 8 = 608mm2

    Ago = (60 x 16) = 960mm2

    Tdn = 0.9Ancfu/ꙋm1 + βAgofy/ ꙋm0

    = ((0.9 x 608 x 410)/1.25) + ((1.319 x 960 x 250)/1.1)

    = 179481.6 + 287781.81

    = 467343.6 N

    = 467.34 KN > 300 KN (O.K)

    STEP 4:

    Check for Strength Due to Block Shear (Tdb),

    Tdb = [(Avgfy)/(√3ꙋm0) + (0.9Atnfu)/( ꙋm1)] or [(0.9Avnfu)/(√3ꙋm1) + (Atgfy)/(ꙋm0)]

    Avg = 220 x 16 = 3520 mm2

    Avn = (220-3×22-(22/2)) x 16 = 2288 mm2

    Atg = 40 x 16 = 640 mm2

    Atn = (40-(22/2)) x 16 = 464 mm2

    Tdb = [((3520×250)/ (√3x1.1)) + ((0.9x464x410/1.25)]

    = 461880.22 + 136972.8

    = 598853.02 N

    = 598.85 KN

    Tdb = [((0.9x2288x410)/ (√3x1.25)) + ((640×250/1.1)]

    = 389952.53 + 145454.54

    = 535407.07 N

    = 535.41 KN

    Tdb = min (535.41, 598.85) = 535.41 KN > 300 KN (O.K)

    Therefore, the selected section is safe.

    So, Provide 2 ISA 60x60x8 angles placed in such a way that outstanding legs are placed back to back and attached with 20mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6. Edge distance and End distance is 40mm and pitch is 60mm.

    See less
    • 3
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 1 1 Answer
  • 1,806 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: May 31, 2020In: Structural Engineering

Which are the different Types of Welding Process?

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

  • 11 Questions
  • 29 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 925 Points
View Profile
Abbas Khan Civil Engineer Learner

Which are the different types of welding processes in steel structures and which one is the most common and affordable?

  1. RaghavArora

    RaghavArora

    • 4 Questions
    • 5 Answers
    • 1 Best Answer
    • 847 Points
    View Profile
    RaghavArora Learner
    Added an answer on June 12, 2020 at 6:29 pm

    The most commonly used and Affordable welding is Stud Welding because it is cost-efficient. The different types of Welding processes in steel structures are as follows:- 1. Stud Welding:- It involves the electric process of welding a fastener on a metal base by heating both the components with an arRead more

    The most commonly used and Affordable welding is Stud Welding because it is cost-efficient.

    The different types of Welding processes in steel structures are as follows:-

    1. Stud Welding:- It involves the electric process of welding a fastener on a metal base by heating both the components with an arc.

    2. Flux Core Welding:- this involves a consumable tubular electrode containing a flux and a constant voltage welding power supply. It’s A portable and fast welding process, and less-skilled workers can easily undergo this.

    3. Shield metal arc welding (SMAW):- it involves a consumable fixed-length electrode covered with a flux, and an electric power source is used to weld two metals together. After the completion of this process, mineral coating flux Of electrode disintegrates and releases a gas Commonly known as Shielding gas, which saves joint from unfavorable atmospheric conditions.

    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 0
  • 1 1 Answer
  • 463 Views
  • 0 Followers
Load More Questions

Sidebar

Popular Articles

  • Gopal Mishra

    Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF]

  • Gopal Mishra

    Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results

  • Sadanandam Anupoju

    16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction

  • Gopal Mishra

    Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates

  • Padmanabhan G

    Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage

Recent Articles

  • constructororghq

    Building With The Sky Above: The Benefits Of Open To Sky Construction

  • constructororghq

    Floor Joists: A Primer on Types, Spacing, Sizes and Benefits

  • constructororghq

    Effective Ways to Combat Construction Site Theft

  • constructororghq

    The Top Flat Roof Solutions to Keep Your Home Protected

  • constructororghq

    Avoiding Costly Flood Damage in Your New Construction Project

Recent Questions

  • jkshah

    Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge?

    • 1 Answer
  • AKM59

    What is the tolerance for compression test results of concrete, according to the standards?

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used ...

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils?

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What are the different types of handrails used in bridges?

    • 1 Answer

Explore

  • Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sustainability
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

Footer

  • Home
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Popular Questions
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Twitter
  • Telegram

© 2009-2021 The Constructor. All Rights Reserved.