Longitudinal skin reinforcement is deformed bars, wires, or bonded prestressed reinforcement placed uniformly on both sides of the vertical face of the tension zone in relatively deep beams to control crack width. If the deep beam is not equipped with ...
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Differences Between Tie-Beam and Plinth Beam in Construction
A beam is a horizontal structural member provided in buildings to transfer loads from the structures above to the columns, walls, and foundations. Among the different types of beams used in building construction, tie-beam and plinth beams are the two ...
Façade Inspections Using Drones
Drones are being used widely in various work sectors of construction. It is estimated that around a million drones are being used today across the construction industry. They are safer than other traditional methods like swing stages, boom lifts, rope-access, ...
2022 ASCE Standards for Tornado-Resistant Buildings
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) has launched the first-ever design criteria for tornado-resistant buildings in their revised code ASCE/SEI 7-22, “Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Building and Other Structures.” ASCE is the most widely used standard ...
Grillage Foundation: Types, Construction, and Advantages
Grillage foundation consists of one or more tiers of beams (steel or timber) superimposed at right angles to each other on a concrete layer to disperse load over an extensive area. This type of foundation is generally used for heavy ...
Tube Structural System: Types & Features
A tubular structural system is used in high-rise buildings to resist lateral loads like wind and seismic forces. These lateral load resisting systems let the building behave like a hollow cylindrical tube cantilevered perpendicular to the ground. Thus the structure ...
Major Signs of Unsound Concrete, Causes and Field Testing Methods
Unsound concrete can be identified through various signs such as visible cracks, micro-cracks, spalling, scaling, blisters, and delamination. Multiple factors lead to different types of damages, and as a result, a specific repair strategy may be required for each type of ...
Castellated Beams: History, Properties, and Advantages
A castellated beam is a type of beam in which an I-beam is sliced longitudinally along its web in a specified pattern. The objective is to use the cutting pattern to separate and reunite the beam with a deeper web. These ...