Pony walls are low-height partition walls that are often used to divide large open areas. A pony wall is also called a half wall or a short wall, while the terms “knee wall” and “cripple wall” are sometimes used alternatively. ...
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Stub Column: Purpose and Applications
A stub column is a type of column whose length is very small and does not connect to the footing directly. So, it does not have a footing or pedestal and relies on a beam or slab to transfer loads. ...
Space Frame Structure: Components, Types, and Advantages
A space frame, also called a space structure, is a truss-like structure comprising of struts that are interconnected in a geometric pattern that is both strong and lightweight. It is a modern architectural and structural engineering technique that is being ...
8 Types of Structures in Civil Engineering
A structure comprises several components that are connected to one another and function to transfer the loads to the soil successfully. Modern structural engineering offers a broad and in-depth body of knowledge that can precisely predict the performance of various ...
How to Identify Concrete Distress in Visual Inspection Report?
Distress of concrete refers to the deterioration and decomposition of concrete caused by environmental conditions, autogenous internal influences, and exposure to operation services and testing. Concrete may suffer from several types of distresses, such as delamination, chalking, crack, and flaking, ...
What are the Signs of Foundation Heave?
Foundation heave is the upward movement of the expansive soil layer after it is saturated with water. Controlling the signs and symptoms of foundation heave at an early stage is important to prevent further enlargement of heave pressure and avoid ...
How to Distinguish Between Shear Wall and Column?
The geometry of a section of a shear wall and a column can be similar to the extent that the question of when a rectangular column becomes a wall often arises. ACI 318-19, section 18.7.2.1, defines a column, for special ...
What is Longitudinal Skin Reinforcement in a Beam?
Longitudinal skin reinforcement is deformed bars, wires, or bonded prestressed reinforcement placed uniformly on both sides of the vertical face of the tension zone in relatively deep beams to control crack width. If the deep beam is not equipped with ...