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Why is the characteristic compressive strength fck reduced to 0.67 fck?
Himanshu joshi
The main reason for the decrease in characteristic strength is the quality control.why? Because in concrete, we can not achieve full or 100% strength as per our requirement due to casting in the site. However, there is weathering action and atmospheric effect on concrete, loss of water from it, etc.Read more
The main reason for the decrease in characteristic strength is the quality control.why? Because in concrete, we can not achieve full or 100% strength as per our requirement due to casting in the site. However, there is weathering action and atmospheric effect on concrete, loss of water from it, etc. So concrete characteristic strength can be achieved up to 0.67fck according to is 456:2000. Whereas in the case of steel, due to casting in the lab, there are controlled conditions that can be achieved, so its characteristic strength can be achieved better than concrete i.e., fy.
See lessBy applying Fos, we are taking the design strength of concrete as .67fk/1.5 = 0.45fck.
It is the main reason.
What is the diffrence between lap length and development length?
Himanshu joshi
In case of Reinforced cement concrete (Rcc), Lap length: when the bar of required length is not available for providing reinforcement in that case the extra length of overlapping required for transfer of load easily and to act as unison.it is lap length. Development length: it is the extra embeddedRead more
In case of Reinforced cement concrete (Rcc),
See lessLap length: when the bar of required length is not available for providing reinforcement in that case the extra length of overlapping required for transfer of load easily and to act as unison.it is lap length.
Development length: it is the extra embedded length. It is required for the development of bond and transfer the force from steel to concrete and make the structure continuous at junctions like beam and column.
Who have higher modulus of elasticity rubber or steel
Himanshu joshi
Steel is more elastic than a rubber. That's why the modulus of elasticity obtained by the slope of the stress-strain curve will be higher for steel than that for rubber. It means that we can apply more force to deform the steel section, whereas in rubber after a certain load less than steel, it willRead more
Steel is more elastic than a rubber. That’s why the modulus of elasticity obtained by the slope of the stress-strain curve will be higher for steel than that for rubber. It means that we can apply more force to deform the steel section, whereas in rubber after a certain load less than steel, it will deform.
See lessWhat is the important of Proctor Compaction Test?
Himanshu joshi
Proctor test is used to find two major properties i.e., optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD). It is a field or lab test to perform the compaction of the soil. Proctor test are of two types 1- spt(standard proctor test)- light compaction 2- not(modified proctor test)- heavy coRead more
Proctor test is used to find two major properties i.e., optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD). It is a field or lab test to perform the compaction of the soil. Proctor test are of two types
See less1- spt(standard proctor test)- light compaction
2- not(modified proctor test)- heavy compaction.
By performing this test accurately, we can relate to field and lab data.
By finding MDD on field and lab, we are about to know that how much amount of compaction we can achieve on-site/field.
And ultimately, MDD helps in various construction techniques such as earthen dam construction, concrete structures, etc.
In turn, it increases the soil capacity for bearing load.
What is the percentage of fineness content in OPC for construction works?
Himanshu joshi
% fineness for OPC - <= 10% by seive analysis test for finding fineness of cement. It shows % weight of residue left on 90 micron seive.(is seive no -9).
% fineness for OPC – <= 10% by seive analysis test for finding fineness of cement.
See lessIt shows % weight of residue left on 90 micron seive.(is seive no -9).
What is murrum soil?
Himanshu joshi
Murrum is one type of laterite soil, which is red due to a higher amount of iron oxide. It is also rich in aluminum. Meaning of murrum is the disintegration of rock i.e., fragments of rock, that's why it does not rock. Usually, shale or laterite rock is used in disintegration. Murrum is practicallyRead more
Murrum is one type of laterite soil, which is red due to a higher amount of iron oxide. It is also rich in aluminum. Meaning of murrum is the disintegration of rock i.e., fragments of rock, that’s why it does not rock. Usually, shale or laterite rock is used in disintegration.
See lessMurrum is practically used for filling work in case of road construction and in an embankment.
The density of murrum soil is 1.8 gm/cc.
What is fatigue in any structural member?
Himanshu joshi
Fatigue is a condition in which material is subjected to cyclic or reverse loading, and the material will fail when it's no of the designed cycle is over. Fatigue strength study is generally carried out in the case of the machine, and 80-85% of material failure in the machine is done fatigue failureRead more
Fatigue is a condition in which material is subjected to cyclic or reverse loading, and the material will fail when it’s no of the designed cycle is over. Fatigue strength study is generally carried out in the case of the machine, and 80-85% of material failure in the machine is done fatigue failure.
See lessThe fatigue strength is found such that material can withstand maximum no of reverse Cycles.
What is Pozzolana Reaction?
Himanshu joshi
Pozzolana is a waste of materials obtained from various manufacturing plants. There are various types of pozzolana, such as Fly ash, Blast Furnace Slag, Silica Fume, Rice husk, etc. Fly ash is a waste product obtained from coal-burning thermal power plant. Blast Furnace Slag is obtained from the manRead more
Pozzolana is a waste of materials obtained from various manufacturing plants.
See lessThere are various types of pozzolana, such as Fly ash, Blast Furnace Slag, Silica Fume, Rice husk, etc.
Fly ash is a waste product obtained from coal-burning thermal power plant. Blast Furnace Slag is obtained from the manufacturing of pig iron and so on.
These pozzolanas are siliceous and aluminous material and not cementing material; it shows, when used in cement manufacturing and used as partial replacement of cement clinker it saves cost.so when water is added to such pozzolana cement, it shows cementing property by the formation of c-s-H gel which helps in strength gains. This action is pozzolanic action.