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What is the Procedure for Foundation Construction of a Building?
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Please look at the article : Construction of Foundation – Depth, Width, Layout and Excavation https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/foundation-construction/1392/
Please look at the article :
Construction of Foundation – Depth, Width, Layout and Excavation
https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/foundation-construction/1392/
See lessMix proportion of Antifreeze Concrete Admixture
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
The mixing ratio of the concrete or the mortar, and the amount of the admixture to be used must be defined with the laboratory trials, using the raw materials taken from the construction site, depending on the required concrete class and the quality, and ambient temperature, Table below provide a peRead more
The mixing ratio of the concrete or the mortar, and the amount of the admixture to be used must be defined with the laboratory trials, using the raw materials taken from the construction site, depending on the required concrete class and the quality, and ambient temperature, Table below provide a percentage of the weight of the dry concrete mixture.
Regarding types of antifreeze admixture, please visit the following link:
See lessfly Ash Percentage in PPC Cements
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Could you provide more explanation regarding your question, please?
Could you provide more explanation regarding your question, please?
See lessfly Ash Percentage in PPC Cements
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Fly as is a by product of power station furnaces fired by pulverized bituminous coal. It replaces portion of concrete and hence improve sustainability of structures. Any replacement percentage can be considered provided that project requirement and specifications are not compromised. For example, coRead more
Fly as is a by product of power station furnaces fired by pulverized bituminous coal. It replaces portion of concrete and hence improve sustainability of structures. Any replacement percentage can be considered provided that project requirement and specifications are not compromised. For example, concrete strength shall be the same of nearly the same of concrete without replacement materials.
Generally, fly ash reduce heat of hydration, improve sulfate resistance, reduce chloride diffusivity, minimize risk of alkali aggregate reactivity, environmentally friendly, and improve concrete economy.
As the percentage of replacement is increased, these advantages would manifest themselves better. However, higher percentages may decline ultimate concrete strength, and concrete need strict curing regime since early strength development of concrete with fly ash is low.
In contrary, low replacement percentage would provide more certainty regarding strength of concrete, but the replacement would not be effective.
In summary, suitable replacement percentage is not the same for all structures. Each condition shall be investigated and suitable replacement quantity shall be determined.
See lessReinforcement in columns of a 5 storey building
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
The required number of bars and its diameter cannot be determined straightforward. The columns shall be designed (in accordance with applicable codes such as ACI 318-14) to specify its dimension, bars number and sizes.
The required number of bars and its diameter cannot be determined straightforward. The columns shall be designed (in accordance with applicable codes such as ACI 318-14) to specify its dimension, bars number and sizes.
See lessMaking of 1 Hour and 2 Hour Fire Rating Walls
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Dear Sanjay Limbasia Chapter 3 of ACI 216.1-07 (Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies) provides adequate data and procedure regarding to request. Best Regards
Dear Sanjay Limbasia
Chapter 3 of ACI 216.1-07 (Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies) provides adequate data and procedure regarding to request.
Best Regards
See lessWhat are the soil tests required for a 3 storey building?
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
Tests conducted for foundation of 3 storey buildings may change based on the type of soil on project site. Tests are commonly involves both field and laboratory which are discussed below: Field investigation Field investigation starts with the physical exploration to identify the presence of wet areRead more
Tests conducted for foundation of 3 storey buildings may change based on the type of soil on project site. Tests are commonly involves both field and laboratory which are discussed below:
See lessField investigation
Field investigation starts with the physical exploration to identify the presence of wet area, presence of plant trees or shrubs and presence of problematic soils like clay, which may call for detailed field studies. Depending on the resources available, either shallow profiles or boreholes are executed for further investigation.
Geotechnical site investigation consisted of open trial pits, coring and trial pit logging, in-situ water content, the weathering profile description and the collection of disturbed and undisturbed samples for laboratory tests.
Laboratory tests
1. Grain Size Distribution
2. In-Situ Moisture and Density Test
3. Atterberg Limits
4. Potential Swell Based on Tables and Charts
5. Swell Tests (Free swell test, Free swell in the oedometer)
6. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Microscopy
Making of 1 Hour and 2 Hour Fire Rating Walls
Madeh Izat Hamakareem
According to ACI 216.1-07 (Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies), the thickness of plain and reinforced concrete bearing or nonbearing walls required to provide fire-resistance ratings of 1 to 4 hours, shall comply with the minimum equivalRead more
According to ACI 216.1-07 (Code Requirements for Determining Fire Resistance of Concrete and Masonry Construction Assemblies), the thickness of plain and reinforced concrete bearing or nonbearing walls required to provide fire-resistance ratings of 1 to 4 hours, shall comply with the minimum equivalent thickness values provided in Table below:
Table 1 fire resistance rating of single layer concrete walls
See lessAggregate
type Minimum equivalent thickness for fire-resistance rating, in.
1 hour 1.5 hours 2 hours 4 hours 4 hours
Siliceous 3.5 4.3 5 6.2 7
Carbonate 3.2 4 4.6 5.7 6.6
Semi lightweight 2.7 3.3 3.8 4.6 5.4
Lightweight 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.1