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RiyaJames - Answers

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  1. Asked: September 22, 2020In: Concrete

    Sugar is act as an accelerator or retarder in concrete?

    RiyaJames

    RiyaJames

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    RiyaJames Beginner
    Added an answer on September 28, 2020 at 2:07 pm

    Sugar is retarding agent. Retarders are type of admixture that extend the hydration induction period, thereby increasing the setting times. Sugar is a carbohydrate, a substance composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. It can be useful when concrete used in hot weather. Sugar is used as a retarder foRead more

    Sugar is retarding agent.

    Retarders are type of admixture that extend the hydration induction period, thereby increasing the setting times. Sugar is a carbohydrate, a substance composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. It can be useful when concrete used in hot weather.

    • Sugar is used as a retarder for a concrete mix.
    • The setting time of concrete increases with increase in the percentage of sugar up to 0.06% by weight of cement. Beyond 0.06% use of sugar it is found that the both initial and final setting times drastically reduces. Sugar when used in correct proportion acts as retarder.
    • Sugar upto 0.06% helps to delay the setting of cement at construction site during hot weather concreting.
    • It is cheap and readily available. If used carefully, it could be economical in comparison with other retarders.
    • Furthermore, most of the studies conducted on the use of sugar as a set retarder focused on the setting time of such concretes, without much emphasis on the effect of adding sugar on strength. Still some studies observed that, the concrete mixture with 0.06% of sugar had more 28-day compressive strength, by about 14.64 MPa, as compared to the concrete without sugar.
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  2. Asked: July 31, 2020In: Concrete

    How many cement bags and sand is required for M20 grade of concrete?

    RiyaJames

    RiyaJames

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    RiyaJames Beginner
    Added an answer on September 19, 2020 at 2:33 pm

    For an M20 grade of concrete, the ratio is (1:1.5:3) ie, (1 part of cement: 1.5 part of sand: 3 part of Aggregate) Let us assume for 1 Cum. Of M20 concrete, So, Wet volume of concrete = 1 Cum Dry volume of concrete = 1.54 times of the wet volume of concrete (Here 1.54 stands as “Factor of safety” toRead more

    For an M20 grade of concrete, the ratio is (1:1.5:3) ie, (1 part of cement: 1.5 part of sand: 3 part of Aggregate)

    Let us assume for 1 Cum. Of M20 concrete,

    So, Wet volume of concrete = 1 Cum

    Dry volume of concrete = 1.54 times of the wet volume of concrete (Here 1.54 stands

    as “Factor of safety” to counter the shrinkage)

    = 1.54 Cum

    Total of ratio = 1 + 1.5 + 3 =5.5

    Therefore, Volume of Cement = (1/5.5) x 1.54 = 0.28 m3

    No. of Cement Bags = 0.28 x (1440 Kg/cum / 50 Kg/Cement Bag)

    = 0.28 x 28.8 = 8.064 Bags

    Say, 8 Bags of Cement

                       Volume of Sand        = (1.5/5.5) x 1.54 = 0.42 m3

    Say, 0.42 Cum of Sand

                   Volume of Aggregate   = (3/5.5) x 1.54 = 0.86 m3

    Say, 0.86 Cum of Aggregate

    NOTE: Density of Cement = 1440 Kg/Cum for one bag of  50 Kg cement

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  3. Asked: July 29, 2020In: Concrete

    What is the significance of Fineness of Cement?

    RiyaJames

    RiyaJames

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    RiyaJames Beginner
    Added an answer on September 19, 2020 at 2:32 pm

    The Fineness test of cement is done by sieving a cement sample through a standard IS sieve. The weight cement particle whose size greater than 90 microns is determined and the percentage of retained cement particle are calculated. This is known as the Fineness of cement. Significance of Fineness ofRead more

    The Fineness test of cement is done by sieving a cement sample through a standard IS sieve. The weight cement particle whose size greater than 90 microns is determined and the percentage of retained cement particle are calculated. This is known as the Fineness of cement.

    Significance of Fineness of Cement

    1. The fineness of cement has an important bearing on the rate of hydration and hence on the rate of gain of strength and also on the rate of evolution of heat.
    2. Finer cement offers a greater surface area for hydration and hence faster the development of strength.
    3. The fineness of grinding has increased over the years. But now it has got nearly stabilized. Different cements are ground to different fineness.
    4. Increase in fineness of cement is also found to increase the drying shrinkage of concrete.

    PROCEDURE OF FINENESS TEST OF CEMENT:

    1. Collect a sample of cement and rub with your hands. The Fineness test sample should be free of lumps.
    2. Take 100 gm of cement sample and note its weight as
    3. Drop 100 gm of cement in 90 µm sieve and close it with the lid.
    4. Now, shake the sieve by agitating the sieve in planetary and linear movements for 15 minutes.
    5. After that take weight the retained cement on the 90 µm sieve as

    Fineness = (W2/W1) * 100

    • Then after, calculate the percentage of Weight of cement-retained on Sieve.
    • Repeat this procedure with three different samples of cement and average the values for accurate results.

    Fineness Test of Cement & Result:

    Sr.No. Weight of Cement
    Sample (W1)
    Weight Cement Sample
    Retained on 90µm Sieve (W2)
    Fineness of Cement
    1 100 gm 3.65 3.65 %
    2 100 gm 5.25 5.25 %
    3 100 gm 8.75 8.75 %
        Average 5.88 %

    Result: The standard cement should have fineness less than 10 % as per IS Recommendations.

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  4. Asked: September 8, 2020In: Concrete

    What are various functions of retarders in Concrete? What is meant by accelerator?

    RiyaJames

    RiyaJames

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    RiyaJames Beginner
    Added an answer on September 18, 2020 at 6:35 pm

    Admixtures are organic or inorganic materials added in limited quantities to improve or achieve the properties of the mortar. Accelerators and Retarders are two types of admixtures. Accelerators Mainly accelerators are used to reduce the setting time, thus gear up initial setting time. Early strengtRead more

    Admixtures are organic or inorganic materials added in limited quantities to improve or achieve the properties of the mortar.

    Accelerators and Retarders are two types of admixtures.

    Accelerators

    • Mainly accelerators are used to reduce the setting time, thus gear up initial setting time.
    • Early strength development in concrete.
    • Usually used in cold weather conditions.
    • Ex: Refined silicates, Calcium Chloride etc.
    • Helps in speed up of construction work.

    Retarders

    • Mainly retarders are used to increase the setting time, thus delay in initial setting time.
    • Hydration reducing agent which keep concrete workable during placement.
    • Usually used in hot weather conditions.
    • Ex: Gypsum, Starch, Sugar etc.
    • Increase strength by decreasing W/C ratio.

     

    Gypsum is the retarding agent in cement to prevent it from premature hardening. The addition of gypsum in cement not only influences its setting time but other properties as well. Gypsum is fire resistant. It influences the strength, strength development, and volume stability of cement.

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  5. Asked: September 8, 2020In: Construction

    What are the advantages of Porotherm bricks?

    RiyaJames

    RiyaJames

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    RiyaJames Beginner
    Added an answer on September 10, 2020 at 11:58 pm

    Porotherm bricks provides a comfortable living environment due to its thermal efficiency and acoustics efficiency. These bricks are light weight which helps in maintaining a steady production during construction. They are made up of entirely natural ingredients such as rice husk ash, sawdust, coal,Read more

    Porotherm bricks provides a comfortable living environment due to its thermal efficiency and acoustics efficiency.

    These bricks are light weight which helps in maintaining a steady production during construction.

    They are made up of entirely natural ingredients such as rice husk ash, sawdust, coal, ash etc. Porotherm bricks are approved as eco-friendly by GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) and IGBC (Indian Green Building Council).

    It is highly fire rated as it is burnt at 1000 degree Celsius. So during fire it provide sufficient time for evacuation.

    Porotherm bricks are low water consuming when compared with conventional bricks.

    Moreover, they are recyclable and reusable and do not harm the environment.

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