VaishnaveeRakhunde - Answers

Properties of stone for good building:-

1. 1. Appearance: It is most important property for all stones. The coloration and ability to receive polish are fundamental factor.
   2. Bio-deterioration: Certain timber and creepers thrust their roots into the joins of stones and have every chemical and mechanical effects.
   3. Color: Stones with static and attractive color is long-lasting if grains are closely packed. Stone with much iron is responsible for formation of iron oxide and decomposition of stone.
   4. Cost: Cost is an essential term in choosing a building. It would not be wrong to say that a single stone is not fulfill all fundamentals of a good constructing stones, if consider one requirement it affect another one.
   5. Dressing: Stone converting into required shape is known as dressing. It must be done in less effort so the cost of dressing is reduced.
   6. Durability: Choose those stones which is successfully resist destructive outcomes of natural forces like wind, rain and heat.
   7. Ease in Dressing: Cost of dressing contributes to value of stone masonry to a notable extent. Dressing is effortless in stones with lesser strength.
   8. Hardness: When stone is used for ground and pavement the hardness property  plays important role. Coefficient of hardness is to be located through conducting check on general specimen in Dory’s testing machine.
   9. Porosity and Absorption: All stones have pores and resulting in absorption of water. In response of water it causes decomposition.
   10. Resistance to Warmness and Fire: Resistance to warmness, The stone need to have a very low volume of expansion due to large prolong in temperature.
   11. Sensitivity to Moisture: Moisture from rain, snow or different environmental conditions penetrates the wall main to cracks, rust staining, wood rotting, paint peeling, darkening of masonry.
   12. Specific Gravity: Heavy variety of stones is used for the construction of dams, conserving walls, docks and harbors’. The precise gravity of right constructing stone is between 2.4 and 2.8.
   13. Strength: Before selecting stone as building block, Strength is essential property of stone. In stone masonry constructions it is necessary to take a look at the stresses when the beams are placed on Lite-rite.
   14. Texture: Fine grained stones with homogeneous distribution to look attractive, They are used for carving. Such stones are generally strong and durable.
   15. Toughness: Building stones have to be difficult enough to sustain stresses developed due to vibrations. Vibrations may cause due to the machinery installed on it or due to the mass transfer over them.
   16. Weathering: It is a complex interaction of physical, chemical and biological techniques  that can alter the stone in some conventional or particular.
   17. Weight and Density: Building stones are heavy. Denser stones  are stronger. weak stones are light weight.