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What are the types of slabs and how to design them?

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Asked: November 30, 20172017-11-30T18:06:02-08:00 2017-11-30T18:06:02-08:00In: Construction
Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

Gopal Mishra

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Gopal Mishra

Can you tell me types of slabs? And how can we design them?

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  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare
    2020-08-17T08:40:25-07:00Added an answer on August 17, 2020 at 8:40 am

    Flat slab – Flat slab is minimum 8″ or 0.2m.

    1. Slab without drop and column without column head(capital).
    2. Slab with drop and column without column head.
    3. Slab without drop and column with column head.
    4. Slab with drop and column with column head.


    Conventional slab – conventional slab is 4″ or 10cm. 5″ to 6″ inches

    1. One-Way Slab
    2. Two-Way Slab

    Hollow core ribbed slab

    hollow core ribbed slab

    Hardy slab

    1. One way Hardy Slab
    2. Two way Hardy slab

    Waffle slab

    1. Triangular pod system
    2. Square pod system

    Dome slab

    dome slab

    Pitch roof slab

    Pitch roof slab

    Slab with arches

    arch slab

    Post tension slab

    post tension slab

    Pre tension Slab

    Low roof slab

    Projected slab

    projected slab

    Grads Slab/ Slab on grade

    slab with sand and concreteconcrete slab

    Sunken Slab

    sunken slab below ground level

     

    a) Effective span of slab:

    Effective span of slab shall be lesser of the two

    1. L = clear span + d (effective depth )

    2. L = Center to center distance between the support

    b) Depth of slab:

    The depth of slab depends on bending moment and deflection criterion. the trail depth can be obtained using:

    • Effective depth d= Span /((L/d)Basic x modification factor)
    • For obtaining modification factor, the percentage of steel for slab can be assumed from 0.2 to 0.5%.
    • The effective depth d of two way slabs can also be assumed using cl.24.1,IS 456 provided short span is 3.5m and loading class is <3.5KN/m2

    Type of support

    Simply supported

    Fe-250 – L/35

    Fe-415 – L/28

    Continuous support

    Fe-250 – L/40

    Fe-415 – L/32

    Or, the following thumb rules can be used:

    • One way slab d=(L/22) to (L/28).
    • Two way simply supported slab d=(L/20) to (L/30)
    • Two way restrained slab d=(L/30) to (L/32)

    c) Load on slab:

    The load on slab comprises of Dead load, floor finish and live load. The loads are calculated per unit area (load/m2).

    Dead load = D x 25 kN/m2 ( Where D is thickness of slab in m)

    Floor finish (Assumed as)= 1 to 2 kN/m2

    Live load (Assumed as) = 3 to 5 kN/m2 (depending on the occupancy of the building)

    Detailing Requirements of RCC Slab as per IS456: 2000

    a) Nominal Cover:

    For Mild exposure – 20 mm

    For Moderate exposure – 30 mm

    However, if the diameter of bar do not exceed 12 mm, or cover may be reduced by 5 mm. Thus for main reinforcement up to 12 mm diameter bar and for mild exposure, the nominal cover is 15 mm.

    b) Minimum reinforcement: The reinforcement in either direction in slab shall not be less than

    • 0.15% of the total cross sectional area for Fe-250 steel
    • 0.12% of the total cross-sectional area for Fe-415 & Fe-500 steel.

    c) Spacing of bars: The maximum spacing of bars shall not exceed

    • Main Steel – 3d or 300 mm whichever is smaller
    • Distribution steel –5d or 450 mm whichever is smaller Where, ‘d’ is the effective depth of slab. Note: The minimum clear spacing of bars is not kept less than 75 mm (Preferably 100 mm) though code do not recommend any value.

    d) Maximum diameter of bar: The maximum diameter of bar in slab, shall not exceed D/8, where D is the total thickness of slab.

     

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  2. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    Kuldeep Singh Learner
    2020-08-15T16:59:43-07:00Added an answer on August 15, 2020 at 4:59 pm

    Narrowly and basically categorising, there are only two types of slabs : one way slabs and two way slabs (depending on the length/width ratio). Now, they both can be of several types including :

    • Simple slabs on beams
    • Slabs on joists (ribbed slabs)
    • Waffle slabs
    • Flat slabs
    • Flat plates
    • Hollow core slabs
    • Hardy slabs
    • Bubble deck slabs
    • Composite slabs
    • Precast slabs
    • Prestress slabs

    The design begins basically with the calculation of loads and their distribution. For this it is best to take loads as point loads and follow Pigued method (pronounced : pee-joh). This will give us the maximum loads and moments that we need the slab to service in worst cases. Taking a suitable factor of safety we can proceed to design the slabs as per the standard design codes (IS 456 (2000) in India).

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  3. sonali dash
    2017-11-30T22:01:40-08:00Added an answer on November 30, 2017 at 10:01 pm

    there is two type of slab one is one way slab & another one two way slab ,two way slab further divided into two categories one is simply supported two way slab & another one restrained. Design is available in IS CODE:456

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