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nikeetasharma
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What should be the standard dimension of ventilator in home?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Thank you everyone.

    Thank you everyone.

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What are the construction practices used to avoid differential settlement in foundation?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    This answer was edited.

    Differential settlement in foundation: Usually, due to poor compaction, lower bearing capacity of the soil, high depth of hard strata, various changes in water content in soil are the basic reason behind the differential settlement of soil. Apart from that, trees & vegetation is not good for fouRead more

    Differential settlement in foundation:

    Usually, due to poor compaction, lower bearing capacity of the soil, high depth of hard strata, various changes in water content in soil are the basic reason behind the differential settlement of soil.

    Apart from that, trees & vegetation is not good for foundation safety.

    Soil consolidation is the main reason for differential settlement of the foundation.

    Foundation push piers & foundation underpinning also harms the foundation, which leads to a differential settlement.

    Thank you.

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nikeetasharma
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What is Trapezoidal Crest Wall?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    Trapezoidal weir is also called Cipolletti weir, used for measuring medium discharge & is a combination of ▭ular & △ular weirs. The slope of the sides, inclined outwardly from the crest, should be 1 horizontal : 4 vertical (1H : 4V). The selected length of the notch (L) should be at least 3HRead more

    Trapezoidal weir is also called Cipolletti weir, used for measuring medium discharge & is a combination of ▭ular & △ular weirs. The slope of the sides, inclined outwardly from the crest, should be 1 horizontal : 4 vertical (1H : 4V). The selected length of the notch (L) should be at least 3H & preferably 4H or longer.

    Q = ⅔ Cd L √2g H3/2 + 8/15 Cd tan θ/2 √2g H5/2

    If Q is lps, H in cm & L in cm.

    Q = 0.0186L H3/2

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Neenu S K
Neenu S K

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What is the Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    The coefficient of subgrade reaction is referred as the ratio between the pressure against the footing or mat and the settlement at a given point expressed as the coefficient of subgrade reaction which is defined as the ratio between the pressure against the footing or mat and the settlement at a giRead more

    The coefficient of subgrade reaction is referred as the ratio between the pressure against the footing or mat and the settlement at a given point expressed as the coefficient of subgrade reaction which is defined as the ratio between the pressure against the footing or mat and the settlement at a given point which is expressed as ;
    ks = q/S

    where,
    ks = coefficient of subgrade reaction
    q = pressure on the footing or mat at a given point
    S = settlement of the same point of the footing or mat in the corresponding unit of length

    i. The value of k is independent of the magnitude of pressure.
    ii. The value of s has the same value for every point on the surface of the footing.

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nikeetasharma
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What safeguards do you use to avoid mistakes in drawing a plan?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Hi Nikeeta, Nice to read your answer to your question. I would like to add some significant mistakes that freshers civil engineers/architectures make while drawing plan The plan is not co-ordinated - In many construction companies, due to lack of coordination between architectural drawing with electRead more

    Hi Nikeeta,

    Nice to read your answer to your question.

    I would like to add some significant mistakes that freshers civil engineers/architectures make while drawing plan

    1. The plan is not co-ordinated – In many construction companies, due to lack of coordination between architectural drawing with electrical and electric drawing with mechanical for electric wires. Conduits, etc., which leads to a massive problem in the forward lane.
    2. Incomplete Plan: If an inexperienced engineer is going to draft complex building structures, many issues arise. Complete construction plans consist of multiple sheets, including architectural, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, structural engineering, and possibly other disciplines. The more complex the project, the more sheets of drawings there will be. When the plans are not complete, it increases the risk for the lender.
    3. Detail lacking: To reduce time, some architects/engineers will skip some of the drawings’ details. Rather than drawing the details of a roof edge dimensions or a window detail, they’ll add vague notes about what that portion of the construction will contain. That leads to significant problems for site engineers and results in error in structure. Once the contractor is on-site, and they have to attempt to interpret the puzzling notes into actual construction, they will generally have questions about exactly how that is to be done.
    4. The wrong set of PCR values:  The planning process produces various progress sets of drawings, from the original conceptual design drawings to progress collections of construction drawings. Ultimately, the “for construction” set that the contractor will use to build the building.
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nikeetasharma
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Which software can be used to make a easy 2D plan?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Komal Bhandakkar AUTHOR
    Which software will be more easy to make a 2D plan?

    Various planning software is available in the market half key features 2D drawing and 3D modelling. ArchiCAD is an architectural CAD software developed by Graphisoft which allow us to do 3D as well as 2D drafting visualisation for building model and this is the best 2D software. Apart from that, theRead more

    Various planning software is available in the market half key features 2D drawing and 3D modelling.

    ArchiCAD is an architectural CAD software developed by Graphisoft which allow us to do 3D as well as 2D drafting visualisation for building model and this is the best 2D software.

    Apart from that, the following software we can also use:

    • Infornia
    • Floorplanner- we can create a 2D 3D floor plan
    • Plan floor creator

     

     

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Komal Bhandakkar
Komal Bhandakkar

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What is Wet Basement? How can we avoid it?

  1. [Deleted User]

    The presence of moisture due to various reasons is simply the meaning of the wet basement.  In the area of the basement, efflorescence will occur. Efflorescence means the deposition of white powder on the surface due to the presence of alkalies.

    The presence of moisture due to various reasons is simply the meaning of the wet basement.  In the area of the basement, efflorescence will occur. Efflorescence means the deposition of white powder on the surface due to the presence of alkalies.

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aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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Can a random rubble masonry retaining wall withstand the high impact of water during floods, if the walls are built on both sides of a canal. And how can we check if the design of the wall was sufficient?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    You start asking about ‘High Impact’ from flood waters. Generally flood waters is not High Impact unless a dam collapses or you have an extreme flash flood. Usually if you are at a canal you will have fast water eroding the base of the wall or pushing the rubble masonry wall as the water goes througRead more

    You start asking about ‘High Impact’ from flood waters. Generally flood waters is not High Impact unless a dam collapses or you have an extreme flash flood. Usually if you are at a canal you will have fast water eroding the base of the wall or pushing the rubble masonry wall as the water goes through the canals.

    To check if the design of the wall is sufficient see if any design calculations were filed with the local municipality or water agency. The calcs should identify the design water speed and height. If no calcs then you need an engineer to review the construction of the wall.

    If you can’t afford an engineer first look at the base of the wall. Is there exposed dirt, is erosion already occurring? Look for photos from a few years ago to see if the wall has changed. Check the upstream ends of the walls on both sides. Are they flared out and do they extend below grade into the earth. If the rubble is just on the surface at the upstream then as the fast water rises it will undermine the wall and it will fail one piece at a time.

    A random rubble masonry wall can survive a flood if correctly designed but the only way to know for sure is to have another engineer review the wall.

    Usually a RR retaining wall is constructed in embankments (above the linings) of canal when the lateral force from the soil behind is considerably high due to various factors. During the floods, this force will exert more pressure. If the slope and base width of the wall is not designed properly, it will fail. Hence the design parameters should include this eventuality. (Max. Lateral pressure with a minimum factor of safety 1.50). Sometimes there is no need for cement mortar and the tiny gaps will be help full to act as weep holes.

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