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Structural Engineering

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  1. Asked: May 20, 2021In: Structural Engineering

    Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge?

    Fasi Ur Rahman

    Fasi Ur Rahman

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    Fasi Ur Rahman
    Added an answer on May 20, 2021 at 6:09 am

    Indian standard IRC:112-2011 is used for the design of the RCC Bridge.

    Indian standard IRC:112-2011 is used for the design of the RCC Bridge.

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  2. Asked: May 10, 2021In: Structural Engineering

    Describe the design procedure of the industrial truss?

    Fasi Ur Rahman

    Fasi Ur Rahman

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    Fasi Ur Rahman
    Added an answer on May 10, 2021 at 10:36 pm

    The following steps should be considered when designing a truss: Selection of type and layout of the structure. Determination of loads on the structure. Evaluate internal forces and moments in the structural components. Selection of material and proportioning of members and connections for safety anRead more

    The following steps should be considered when designing a truss:

    1. Selection of type and layout of the structure.
    2. Determination of loads on the structure.
    3. Evaluate internal forces and moments in the structural components.
    4. Selection of material and proportioning of members and connections for safety and economy.
    5. Checking the performance of the structure under service conditions, and finally perform the final review.

    To know more about the design procedure of trusses, read the article given below-
    Trussed Beam- Design Principles and Erection Practices

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  3. Asked: April 24, 2021In: Structural Engineering

    Is it safe not to build a colunm at an intersection of two beams?

    Fasi Ur Rahman

    Fasi Ur Rahman

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    Fasi Ur Rahman
    Added an answer on April 24, 2021 at 7:51 pm

    Yes, it is safe not to build a column at an intersection of two beams subjected that all the loads are considered, calculated, and transferred via columns placed at the end of the beams.

    Yes, it is safe not to build a column at an intersection of two beams subjected that all the loads are considered, calculated, and transferred via columns placed at the end of the beams.

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  4. Asked: April 23, 2021In: Structural Engineering

    In the case of the Multistorey Building, is there is any change in the design of slab and beam for different floors?

    Fasi Ur Rahman

    Fasi Ur Rahman

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    Fasi Ur Rahman
    Added an answer on April 23, 2021 at 1:40 pm

    Dear Gurkirtan Sharma, The design procedure for all the floors in the multi-storage building remains the same. However, the loads and other design parameters shall change depending upon the floor. For more details, kindly check the below article- Structural Systems for Construction of Multistory BuiRead more

    Dear Gurkirtan Sharma,

    The design procedure for all the floors in the multi-storage building remains the same. However, the loads and other design parameters shall change depending upon the floor.

    For more details, kindly check the below article-

    Structural Systems for Construction of Multistory Building

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  5. Asked: April 23, 2021In: Structural Engineering

    Name the best book for fire safety in high-rise buildings?

    Fasi Ur Rahman

    Fasi Ur Rahman

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    Fasi Ur Rahman
    Added an answer on April 23, 2021 at 1:34 pm

    Fire Safety in High Rise Buildings by Daniel Alvear

    Fire Safety in High Rise Buildings by Daniel Alvear

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  6. Asked: April 8, 2021In: Structural Engineering

    In what case is a Shear Key provided in Foundation?

    Fasi Ur Rahman

    Fasi Ur Rahman

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    Fasi Ur Rahman
    Added an answer on April 20, 2021 at 10:51 pm

    Shear keys are designed and provided in various structures to provide resistance against lateral loads like earthquake loads and sliding forces in various structures such as bridges, retaining walls, the basement of residential buildings, precast buildings and culverts, masonry walls in seismic regiRead more

    Shear keys are designed and provided in various structures to provide resistance against lateral loads like earthquake loads and sliding forces in various structures such as bridges, retaining walls, the basement of residential buildings, precast buildings and culverts, masonry walls in seismic regions, and steel columns.

    The shear key is provided in the following structural components-

    1. Bridge Structure
    2. Retaining Walls
    3. Footing-basement Wall
    4. Steel Column Base and Footing Joint
    5. Connections of Precast Concrete Elements
    6. Masonry Wall

    To know in detail about the shear key, please read the article-
    Shear Key in Construction: Purpose, Functions, and Uses

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  7. Asked: October 17, 2020In: Structural Engineering

    What is the reinforced concrete deep beam and where it used?

    aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare
    Added an answer on October 18, 2020 at 10:38 am

    R/f'ed concrete deep beam It is a special structure in beams. In the deep beam, the depth of the beam is greater than eff. span. The assumptions of the normal beam are not applicable in a deep beam. As the depth is more, the distribution of the stress is not uniform. So we found some in finding theRead more

    R/f’ed concrete deep beam

    It is a special structure in beams. In the deep beam, the depth of the beam is greater than eff. span. The assumptions of the normal beam are not applicable in a deep beam. As the depth is more, the distribution of the stress is not uniform. So we found some in finding the values of the lever arm & the other related things.

    Defn of Deep Beam as per IS 456: 2000

    The beam having greater depth in comparison to its eff. span is called as Deep Beam.

    Uses of Deep Beam

    1. Foundation beams: The foundation beams transferring the conc column load to the supporting soil.
    2. Transfer girder or wall beams at an intermediate floor level of a bldg where some columns are read to be stopped for some particular reasons.
    3. Bunker or tanks where the walls itself act as a deep beam

    IS Codes provisions of a Deep Beam

    • As per IS 456:2000, a beam shall be deemed as deep beam,
    1. If 1 ≤ L/D ≤ 2 – For Simply supported
    2. If 1 ≤ L/D ≤ 2.5 – For Continuous beam

    where, L = Eff span, D = Overall depth.

    To calculate eff span = c/c dist betn supports or 1.15 x clear span. (Consider less value)

    Lever Arm (Z): As the stress distn along the depth of the beam is non-linear. Due to this the lever arm bent the comp & tensile forces can’t be easily determined.

    The values of Lever Arm as per IS 456:2000

    • For simply supported beam:

    Z = 0.2 (L+2D)  If 1 ≤ L/D ≤ 2

    Z = 0.6 L      If L/D < 1

    • For Continuous beam:

    Z = 0.2 (L+1.5D)  If 1 ≤ L/D ≤ 2.5

    Z = 0.5 L      If L/D < 1

    R/F provision as per IS 456-2000

    In the case of deep beam, tension is still to be extended over the whole length of the span & should be well anchored in the support.

    • +ve moment r/f: 
    1. It should resist the +ve bending moment & extended w/t curtailment betn the supports.
    2. This r/f should be embedded beyond the face of each support.

    Embedded length = 0.8 x Development length

    = 0.8 x (0.87 fy φ / 4 τbd)

    Zone of depth = 0.25D – 0.05l

    • -ve moment r/f:

    Provided to resist the -ve B.M

    Termination of r/f – Half of the r/f may be terminated at a dist of 0.5D from the face of the support & remaining should be extended over the whole span.

    Distribution

    When 1 ≤ L/D ≤ 2.5, wholly have to distribute the total tensile r/f in 2 zones

    Zone – 1 = 0.2D having Ast1                                               Ast1 = 0.5 (l/D – 0.5)Ast

    Zone – 2 = 0.3D (on either side of mid depth) having Ast2 = Ast – Ast1

    If l/D ≤ 1 = zone → 0.89 (evenly distributed)

    • Vertical r/f: Hanging action → Bars or suspension stirrups to be provided.
    • Side face r/f: 

    To resist the effect of shrinkage & temp

    It also can be provided in vertical direction & horizontal direction.

    % of total c/s’al area is to be provided given in IS 456:2000 cl: 29.3.4 → cl 32.4

    Min req’ts of r/s in wall as per IS 456:2000 cl 32.4

    Type of r/f steel % of side face r/f of gross area of cone

    Vertical                                        Horizontal

    Deformed bar of dia ≤ 16mm & fy ≥ 415 N/mm2 0.12                                               0.2
    Bars of other types 0.15                                               0.45
    Welded wire fabric not larger than 16mm in dia 0.12                                               0.20

    Spacing of side face r/f ≤ 3 x thkness or 450mm

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  8. Asked: October 15, 2020In: Structural Engineering

    Can this type of brick bond be used for bearing walls?

    Tengo Alaverdashvili

    Tengo Alaverdashvili

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    Tengo Alaverdashvili User
    Added an answer on October 17, 2020 at 4:55 pm

    I mean this type of brick bond.

    I mean this type of brick bond.

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