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What is Castellated Beam? Why we provide it?
How do I remove a load bearing wall and extend (extension only on one side) the ground floor on a g+1 structure, and what will be the costing of this procedure?
A floor plan should be provided with sections showing column and beam layout. But it will be better if you hire a contractor.
A floor plan should be provided with sections showing column and beam layout. But it will be better if you hire a contractor.
See lessStructural Drawing is included
Sir, I will share some information related with different drawings: Architectural Drawing can be termed as the mother drawing for all the other drawing. Structural drawing is the backbone drawing of the building. Â Electrical drawing represent the details of electric fixtures, location of switches. PRead more
Sir,
I will share some information related with different drawings:
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What is Web Crippling in Steel?
Webs of rolled section are subjected to large amount of stresses just below concentrated loads and above reactions from support. Stress concentration occurs at junction of web and flange. As a result, large bearing stresses are developed below concentrated load. Consequently, the web near portion ofRead more
Webs of rolled section are subjected to large amount of stresses just below concentrated loads and above reactions from support. Stress concentration occurs at junction of web and flange. As a result, large bearing stresses are developed below concentrated load. Consequently, the web near portion of stress concentration tends to fold over flange. This type of local buckling phenomenon is called crippling or crippling of web.
See lessWhy helical reinforcement gives better strength than ordinary columns?
The small dia reinforcement wrapped around the main or longitudinal reinforcement of columns, restraining the lateral expansion of the concrete under compression and thus strengthening the column. Columns with one helical reinforcement take more load than that of tied column due to additional strengRead more
The small dia reinforcement wrapped around the main or longitudinal reinforcement of columns, restraining the lateral expansion of the concrete under compression and thus strengthening the column. Columns with one helical reinforcement take more load than that of tied column due to additional strength of spiral.
Helical reinforcement can protect columns/piles against seismic loads.
See lessWhat is use of ILD diagram at site?
ILD or Influence Line Diagram shows us the effect of a point load at some point on a structural member with respect to the position of the load. So, ILD tells us what and where would be the maximum effect of a load places at what location. So to visualize the worst-case scenario and best-case scenarRead more
ILD or Influence Line Diagram shows us the effect of a point load at some point on a structural member with respect to the position of the load.
So, ILD tells us what and where would be the maximum effect of a load places at what location. So to visualize the worst-case scenario and best-case scenario and the variations I between, ILD is a comprehensive aid.
The most common usage is in Bridges, rail tracks, and roads where loads are always pointed loads (axle loads) and always moving. Knowing when and how much will be the maximum effect like bending moment, shear force, etc. helps us set up the design values.
See lessWhat is diffrence between retaining wall and breast wall?
Basic difference is retaining wall is designed to resist backfill earth pressure and breast wall is resist for natural earthen slope of hilly area In hill. When road is construct, at that time we need to cut-off some portion of hill and basically we construct two wall one is breast wall which is onRead more
Basic difference is retaining wall is designed to resist backfill earth pressure and breast wall is resist for natural earthen slope of hilly area
In hill. When road is construct, at that time we need to cut-off some portion of hill and basically we construct two wall one is breast wall which is on hill side of the road to give stability of hill slop and another one is retaining wall which is construct on valley side of road which wall have backfill pressure plus road pressure on backfill so we need to design retaining wall for that backfill & surcharge .
See figure for different between retaining wall and breast wall.
See lessWhen do we decide that pile can now be terminated, of course there is depth given in the structural details but along with that there are some criteria to measure on-site if it is not fulfilled than you have to ...
Pile penetration ratio and chisel energy level are two methods that are used to decide on the termination of pile depth in the construction site: 1. Pile Penetration Ratio (PPR) for Rotary Piling Equation for the determination of pile termination point in construction site: PPR=(2⋅π⋅N⋅T⋅t)/(A⋅d)    Read more
Pile penetration ratio and chisel energy level are two methods that are used to decide on the termination of pile depth in the construction site:
1. Pile Penetration Ratio (PPR) for Rotary Piling
Equation for the determination of pile termination point in construction site:
PPR=(2⋅π⋅N⋅T⋅t)/(A⋅d)                          Equation 1
PPR:Â Pile penetration ratio, kNÂ m/m^2/ cm
N: RPM
T:Â Torque corresponding to RPM, kN.m
t: Time duration in minutes, normally 10Â min
A: Pile cross-section area, m^2
D: Pile penetration, cm
2. Chiseling Energy Concept
Use the following expression to estimate the response of founding rock strata in terms of Energy Level:
E=(Wâ‹…hâ‹…nâ‹…N)/(Aâ‹…d)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Equation 2
Where:
E: Chisel energy level, kN.m/m^2/cm
W: Weight of chisel, kN
h: Fall of the chisel in meters given in every blow (m)
n: Reduction factor, 0.8–1.0 based on likely drag on chisel due to slurry, submerged weight of chisel in high groundwater, winch rope friction, and type of muck (clayey or sandy), based on rock type.
N: No. of blows in the stipulated duration, usually half an hour
A: Nominal pile cross-sectional area, m^2
D: Penetration into the rock strata in that stipulated duration, cm
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Vivek Patel
The castellated beam is a modified steel beam. In which the beam is cut in the central web portion were no great force is present. Cut near to neutral axis of the beam where we required less amount of material mass to resist various force. The opening shape may be hexagonal, rectangular, circular, eRead more
The castellated beam is a modified steel beam. In which the beam is cut in the central web portion were no great force is present.
Cut near to neutral axis of the beam where we required less amount of material mass to resist various force.
The opening shape may be hexagonal, rectangular, circular, etc.
Due to opening in web we get some benifit
- Saving in material
- Lighter weight
- Due to increased depth allowed, we get more strengthen beam
- Good aesthetic view
- Esay handle with roof febrication work.
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