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Structural Engineering

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Asked: June 18, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What are the Primary and secondary load-bearing structures of high-rise concrete buildings?

civil sons
civil sons

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What are the Primary and secondary load-bearing structures of high-rise concrete buildings? Bracing against the lateral load of wind and earthquake

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare
    Added an answer on August 21, 2020 at 1:23 pm

    Walls, beams, columns, foundations etc can be called as primary or main load bearing components of a concrete building. Examples of secondary load bearing structures would be the lintels in masonry walls, the shelf angles that support finishes when they span over a window or other opening and there Read more

    Walls, beams, columns, foundations etc can be called as primary or main load bearing components of a concrete building.

    Examples of secondary load bearing structures would be the lintels in masonry walls, the shelf angles that support finishes when they span over a window or other opening and there are other odd and ends that provide support or stabilization such as cross bracing in steel bar joist or structural elements used during the construction of the building.

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Asked: June 29, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What are the Different Types of Steel Stacks?

Maulik vavaliya
Maulik vavaliya

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What are the different types of steel stacks?

  1. Preet Chovatiya

    Preet Chovatiya

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    Preet Chovatiya Learner
    Added an answer on June 30, 2020 at 6:46 pm

    There are four types of steel stack that generally used in steel stack are as below: Freestanding (Self-supported) steel stack (fig.1) The base support and guyed steel stack (fig.2) The base support and braced steel stack Multi flue stack (fig.3) [caption id="attachment_45199" align="alignnone" widtRead more

    There are four types of steel stack that generally used in steel stack are as below:

    1. Freestanding (Self-supported) steel stack (fig.1)
    2. The base support and guyed steel stack (fig.2)
    3. The base support and braced steel stack
    4. Multi flue stack (fig.3)

    fig.1

    fig.2

    fig.3

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Asked: July 24, 2020In: Structural Engineering

Why helical reinforcement gives better strength than ordinary columns?

Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

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Why helical reinforcement gives better strength than ordinary columns?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 21, 2020 at 4:08 pm

    The small dia reinforcement wrapped around the main or longitudinal reinforcement of columns, restraining the lateral expansion of the concrete under compression and thus strengthening the column. Columns with one helical reinforcement take more load than that of tied column due to additional strengRead more

    The small dia reinforcement wrapped around the main or longitudinal reinforcement of columns, restraining the lateral expansion of the concrete under compression and thus strengthening the column. Columns with one helical reinforcement take more load than that of tied column due to additional strength of spiral.

    Helical reinforcement can protect columns/piles against seismic loads.

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Asked: July 7, 2020In: Structural Engineering

How to design Formwork?

Aswany Sreejith
Aswany Sreejith

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What is the procedure of designing the formwork?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on October 15, 2020 at 4:25 pm

    Formwork is the term used for the process of creating a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials. There are three types of formwork :- -BeaRead more

    Formwork is the term used for the process of creating a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials.

    There are three types of formwork :-

    -Beam formwork :-
    Formwork for beams takes the form of a three-sided box which is supported and propped in the correct position and to the desired level. The removal time for the formwork will vary with air temperature, humidity and consequent curing rate. Typical striking times are as follows (using air temperature of 7-16 ºC):

    i) Beam sides: 9-12 hours.
    ii) Beam soffits: 8-14 days.
    iii) Beam props: 15-21 days.

    -Column formwork :-
    This consists of a vertical mould of the desired shape and size of the column to be poured. As a means of keeping the formwork material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used at equal centres for batch filling and at varying centres for filling that is completed in one pour.

    The head of the column formwork can be used to provide support for the beam formwork, but while this gives good top lateral restraint it can make the formwork complex. Alternatively, the column can be cast to the underside of the beams. Later on, a collar of formwork can be clamped around the cast column to complete the casting and support the incoming beam formwork.

    -Plastic formwork :-
    Re-usable plastic formwork is generally used for quick pours of concrete. The formwork is assembled either from interlocking panels or from a modular system and is used for relatively simple concrete structures. It is not as versatile as timber formwork due to the prefabrication requirements and is best suited for lost-cost, repetitive structures such as mass housing schemes.

    Stay-in-place structural formwork is generally assembled on site using prefabricated fibre-reinforced plastic. It is used for concrete columns and piers and stays in place, acting as permanent axial and shear reinforcement for the structural member. It also provides resistance to environmental damage for both the concrete and reinforcing bars.

    Proprietary systems are used to support vertical formwork while concrete cures, consisting of a series of tubes and ties.

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Asked: July 20, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What is Castellated Beam?

vivek gami
vivek gami

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What is Castellated Beam? Why we provide it?

  1. Vivek Patel

    Vivek Patel

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    Added an answer on July 23, 2020 at 1:20 pm

    The castellated beam is a modified steel beam. In which the beam is cut in the central web portion were no great force is present. Cut near to neutral axis of the beam where we required less amount of material mass to resist various force. The opening shape may be hexagonal, rectangular, circular, eRead more

    The castellated beam is a modified steel beam. In which the beam is cut in the central web portion were no great force is present.

    Cut near to neutral axis of the beam where we required less amount of material mass to resist various force.

    The opening shape may be hexagonal, rectangular, circular, etc.

    Due to opening in web we get some benifit

    • Saving in material
    • Lighter weight
    • Due to increased depth allowed, we get more strengthen beam
    • Good aesthetic view
    • Esay handle with roof febrication work.
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Asked: July 20, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What is the compressive strength of Fe500 rebars?

CB Sowmya
CB Sowmya

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What is the compressive strength of Fe500 rebars?

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    Kuldeep Singh Learner
    Added an answer on July 21, 2020 at 10:30 pm

    It is generally assumed to be 250 MPa.

    It is generally assumed to be 250 MPa.

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Asked: July 2, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What is Web Crippling in Steel ?

Mangala Karunarathne
Mangala Karunarathne

Mangala Karunarathne

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What is Web Crippling in Steel?

  1. Ancy Joby

    Ancy Joby

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    Ancy Joby Learner
    Added an answer on July 3, 2020 at 4:54 pm

    Webs of rolled section are subjected to large amount of stresses just below concentrated loads and above reactions from support. Stress concentration occurs at junction of web and flange. As a result, large bearing stresses are developed below concentrated load. Consequently, the web near portion ofRead more

    Webs of rolled section are subjected to large amount of stresses just below concentrated loads and above reactions from support. Stress concentration occurs at junction of web and flange. As a result, large bearing stresses are developed below concentrated load. Consequently, the web near portion of stress concentration tends to fold over flange. This type of local buckling phenomenon is called crippling or crippling of web.

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Asked: May 15, 2020In: Structural Engineering

What are quickest method to find deflection and slope in beams?

Ankita Pal
Ankita Pal

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During GATE, IES exam it is difficult to follow any traditional method to follow from start to end solution. What are the conceptual shortcuts to find slope and deflection of the beam which can be used to find a solution ...

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    Added an answer on July 5, 2020 at 5:25 pm

    Well, if you're analyzing a beam, then the quickest and easiest way is hands down, the moment - area method. Students often overlook it and delve into complex methods while the problem may be solved a lot easily. Other than this, there are often other quick methods depending on the question. For exaRead more

    Well, if you’re analyzing a beam, then the quickest and easiest way is hands down, the moment – area method. Students often overlook it and delve into complex methods while the problem may be solved a lot easily.

    Other than this, there are often other quick methods depending on the question. For example sometimes the conjugate beam method is not such a bad choice. If you can write the moment curvature equation and are quick at differentiation, you can use that.

    I for one, never get into slope deflection method unless it is strictly needed. I stick to moment area, conjugate beam and the 4th order differential equation.

    Also, a friendly tip : just have a look at the options especially in the IES paper. They never push you into long calculations. You could sense that some options just have to be wrong and are nowhere close to be correct. In GATE, this approach doesn’t fare well though.

    Hope it helps.

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