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Asked: July 13, 2020In: Concrete

How to determine the specific gravity of aggregates?

Nimesh Gajera
Nimesh Gajera

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How to determine the specific gravity of aggregates? What are the uses of specific gravity in actual work?

  1. DevilAVRT

    DevilAVRT

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    Added an answer on July 14, 2020 at 10:48 pm

    Test for Determination of Specific Gravity Indian Standard Specification IS: 2386 (Part III) of 1963 gives various procedures to find out the specific gravity of different sizes of aggregates. The following procedure is applicable to aggregate size larger than 10 mm. A sample of aggregate not less tRead more

    Test for Determination of Specific Gravity

    Indian Standard Specification IS: 2386 (Part III) of 1963 gives various procedures to find out the specific gravity of different sizes of aggregates. The following procedure is applicable to aggregate size larger than 10 mm. A sample of aggregate not less than 2 kg is taken. It is thoroughly washed to remove the finer particles and dust adhering to the aggregate. It is then placed in a wire basket and immersed in distilled water at a temperature between 22° to 32°C. Immediately after immersion, the entrapped air is removed from the sample by lifting the basket containing it 25 mm above the base of the tank and allowing it to drop 25 times at the rate of about one drop per sec. During the operation, care is taken that the basket and aggregate remain completely immersed in water. They are kept in water for a period of 24 ± 1/2 hours afterwards. The basket and aggregate are then jolted and weighed (weight A1) in water at a temperature 22° to 32° C. The basket and the aggregate are then removed from water and allowed to drain for a few minutes and then the aggregate is taken out from the basket and placed on dry cloth and the surface is gently dried with the cloth. The aggregate is transferred to the second dry cloth and further dried. The empty basket is again immersed in water, jolted 25 times and weighed in water (weight A2). The aggregate is exposed to atmosphere away from direct sunlight for not less than 10 minutes until it appears completely surface dry. Then the aggregate is weighed in air (weight B). Then the aggregate is kept in the oven at a temperature of 100 to 110°C and maintained at this temperature for 24 ± 1/2 hours. It is then cooled in the air-tight container, and weighed (weight C).

    Specific Gravity = C / B − A; Apparent Sp. Gravity = C / C− A

    Water absorption = 100 (B − C) / C

    Where, A= the weight in gm of the saturated aggregate in water (A1 – A2),

    B = the weight in gm of the saturated surface-dry aggregate in air, and

    C = the weight in gm of oven-dried aggregate in air.

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Asked: November 28, 2020In: Concrete

What are the additives or aggregates needed for 3D printed Concrete?

Mahesh Balakrishnan
Mahesh Balakrishnan

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What are the additives or aggregates needed for 3D printed Concrete?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on January 5, 2021 at 1:53 pm

    Any material will give you a finished form if it’s the right consistency and is deposited using an effective method. Guessing, I would say industrial grout with sand and latex additive. The project budget, scale and environment will dictate the material formulas and extruder specifications, which arRead more

    Any material will give you a finished form if it’s the right consistency and is deposited using an effective method. Guessing, I would say industrial grout with sand and latex additive.

    The project budget, scale and environment will dictate the material formulas and extruder specifications, which are probably kept secret by those that are already in the business.

    Probably a good business to get into if you know the required science and engineerin

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Asked: September 19, 2020In: Concrete

what precautions should be taken during the cube test?

[Deleted User]
[Deleted User]

what precautions should be taken during the cube test

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on January 5, 2021 at 1:53 pm

    The cube test is the Remove the specimen from water after specified curing time and wipe out excess water from the surface. Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be applied to the opposite sides of thecube cast. Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the mRead more

    The cube test is the Remove the specimen from water after specified curing time and wipe out excess water from the surface. Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be applied to the opposite sides of thecube cast. Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the machine.

    Precautions for Tests The water for curing should be tested every 7 days and the temperature of the water must be at 27+-2oC. Procedure for Concrete Cube Test Remove the specimen from the water after specified curing time and wipe out excess water from the surface.

    Cube Testing The cubes are generally tested at 7 & 28 days unless specific early tests are required, for example to remove a concrete shutter safely prior to 7 days. Usually 1 cube will be tested at 7 days and 2 cubes at 28 days, however this may vary depending of the requirements, check the design first.

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Asked: November 3, 2017In: Concrete

How to Mix Design Self Compacting Concrete?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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How to design mix M30 self compacting concrete? Which standard code is used for the same?

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Asked: May 14, 2020In: Concrete

What is Short Bracket Structural System?

amr soliman
amr soliman

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What is a short bracket structural system and why we use it?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 11, 2020 at 2:13 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Hi, In technical terms, the bracket is one of the overhanging members that enable projects from structures i.e walls, and are usually designed to support a vertical type of load or to any angle of strengthening. Application brackets can structural atoms like walls balconies parapets,  eaves arches, Read more

    Hi, In technical terms, the bracket is one of the overhanging members that enable projects from structures i.e walls, and are usually designed to support a vertical type of load or to any angle of strengthening.

    • Application

    brackets can structural atoms like walls balconies parapets,  eaves arches,  pergola, etc. In ancient days brackets are being developed a structural manner to give it a decorative purpose and in parallel used for support. In many ancient temples, sculptures of gods are decorated on bracket frames which are located on the exterior of walls. I mentioned this in a previous comment. The brackets are may be made up of stone, wood, steel I, cement, etc.  

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Asked: October 26, 2017In: Concrete

How Aggregate Cement Ratio Affect Workability of Concrete?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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How is the workability of concrete is related to aggregate cement ratio? What is the effect of aggregate cement ratio on the workability of concrete?

  1. Gopal Mishra

    Gopal Mishra

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    Added an answer on October 28, 2017 at 12:53 pm

    Factors which affect workability of concrete are: Cement content of concrete Water content of concrete Mix proportions of concrete Size of aggregates Shape of aggregates Grading of aggregates Surface texture of aggregates Use of admixtures in concrete Use of supplementary cementitious materials RefeRead more

    Factors which affect workability of concrete are:

    • Cement content of concrete
    • Water content of concrete
    • Mix proportions of concrete
    • Size of aggregates
    • Shape of aggregates
    • Grading of aggregates
    • Surface texture of aggregates
    • Use of admixtures in concrete
    • Use of supplementary cementitious materials

    Refer this article for more details: Factors Affecting Workability of Concrete

    Effect of Aggregate Cement Ratio on Workability of Concrete

    Aggregate cement ratio is the ratio of weights of aggregate to the weight of cement. If this ratio is more, that implies aggregates are more and cement is less and if this ratio is less, that implies weight of aggregate is less and weight of cement is more (relatively).

    When the weight of cement is more, i.e. aggregate cement ratio is less, the concrete has more cement paste required to coat aggregates and fill the voids between them. This more cement paste makes the concrete relatively easy to  mix, place and compact as it reduces the friction between aggregates and allows its smooth movement. Thus the workability of concrete increases.

    When the weight of cement is less, i.e. aggregate cement ratio is more, then there will be very less cement paste to coat aggregate surfaces and fill the voids, thus, mixing, placing and compacting of concrete will be more harder than previous case. This implies, the workability of concrete will be less than previous case.

    Reference: Factors Affecting Workability of Concrete

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Asked: July 15, 2020In: Concrete

What is Slag Cement? How it affect in cement property?

vivek gami
vivek gami

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We all know about slag cement, but what is slag which is used in cement? How slag affect cement property?

  1. Nimesh Gajera

    Nimesh Gajera

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    Added an answer on July 16, 2020 at 2:27 pm

    Slag is actually a by-product of the smelting process to obtain metal from raw ore. Slag cement is made by grounding blast furnace slag to proper fineness and used as a replacement of portland cement. Slag has some cementitious properties itself. Slag cement gives some extra strength, enhance resistRead more

    Slag is actually a by-product of the smelting process to obtain metal from raw ore. Slag cement is made by grounding blast furnace slag to proper fineness and used as a replacement of portland cement. Slag has some cementitious properties itself. Slag cement gives some extra strength, enhance resistance to chemical attack, reduce permeability, protect rebar from corrosion. And it has some disadvantages like it reduces the initial setting time of cement.

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Asked: May 28, 2020In: Concrete

Explain the step by step process for Concrete Mix Design?

[Deleted User]
[Deleted User]

Explain the step by step process for concrete mix design?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 18, 2020 at 6:35 pm
    Explain the step by step process for Concrete Mix Design?

    Hi Kamesh Varan, For a step-by-step process of the mix, design refer IS 10262:2009. Also refer ACI 211.1, for details of mix design and the calculation of quantity. You may also refer IS 456: 2000 for curing and other properties of it also gives the idea of durability and strength of structures.

    Hi Kamesh Varan,

    For a step-by-step process of the mix, design refer IS 10262:2009.

    Also refer ACI 211.1, for details of mix design and the calculation of quantity.

    You may also refer IS 456: 2000 for curing and other properties of it also gives the idea of durability and strength of structures.

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