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Asked: July 22, 2020In: Concrete

What is Cement Gel in Concrete?

vivek gami
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What is Cement Gel in Concrete?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on December 17, 2020 at 3:44 pm

    The cement gel in a cement is generally known as calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). It helps in strength and binding property. The production of cement gel occurs when a hydration reaction occurs by mixing water and cement; the paste so formed is called as cement gel.

    The cement gel in a cement is generally known as calcium silicate hydrate (CSH). It helps in strength and binding property. The production of cement gel occurs when a hydration reaction occurs by mixing water and cement; the paste so formed is called as cement gel.

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Asked: September 12, 2020In: Concrete

What are the major differences between IS 10262: 2009 & IS 10262: 2019 in concrete mix design?

Komal Bhandakkar
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What are the major differences between IS 10262: 2009 & IS 10262: 2019 in concrete mix design?

  1. aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on September 16, 2020 at 3:40 pm

    IS 10262: 2009 and IS: 10262: 2019 in concrete mix design: This IS provides guidelines for proportioning concrete mixes as per requirements using the concrete materials and the supplementary materials. IS 10262: 2019 is the second revision of the first edition IS 10262: 2009 in concrete mix design iRead more

    IS 10262: 2009 and IS: 10262: 2019 in concrete mix design:

    This IS provides guidelines for proportioning concrete mixes as per requirements using the concrete materials and the supplementary materials. IS 10262: 2019 is the second revision of the first edition IS 10262: 2009 in concrete mix design in which the following major changes have been made(As per the description of the code):

    • The standard was divided into five sections as General, Ordinary and standard grades of concrete, high strength grades of concrete, Self-compacting concrete and Mass concrete.
    • A new section for Mix proportioning procedure for High strength concrete for M65 and above(up to target strength of M 100) was included.
    • The formula for the target mean strength for mix proportioning for refined by including a new factor based on the grade of the concrete. It was done to ensure a min margin been the characteristic compressive strength and the target mean strength.
    • A graph of W/C vs. 28 days strength of concrete introduced for different grades and types of cements for an alternative to initial water-cement ratio assumption.
    • In the design of normal concrete mix proportion, the consideration of air content was reintroduced.
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Asked: September 19, 2020In: Concrete

what precautions should be taken during the cube test?

[Deleted User]
[Deleted User]

what precautions should be taken during the cube test

  1. aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on January 5, 2021 at 1:53 pm

    The cube test is the Remove the specimen from water after specified curing time and wipe out excess water from the surface. Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be applied to the opposite sides of thecube cast. Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the mRead more

    The cube test is the Remove the specimen from water after specified curing time and wipe out excess water from the surface. Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be applied to the opposite sides of thecube cast. Align the specimen centrally on the base plate of the machine.

    Precautions for Tests The water for curing should be tested every 7 days and the temperature of the water must be at 27+-2oC. Procedure for Concrete Cube Test Remove the specimen from the water after specified curing time and wipe out excess water from the surface.

    Cube Testing The cubes are generally tested at 7 & 28 days unless specific early tests are required, for example to remove a concrete shutter safely prior to 7 days. Usually 1 cube will be tested at 7 days and 2 cubes at 28 days, however this may vary depending of the requirements, check the design first.

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Asked: December 23, 2018In: Concrete

How to Mix Geopolymer Concrete?

Naveen
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Please give the complete details about mixing of geopolymer concrete

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 6, 2020 at 5:22 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Geopolymer concrete: Actually, the geopolymer gel forms the C-S-H gel in concrete cement. C-S-H stands for calcium silicate hydrate gel, it is formed when water is added to the cement and hydration process will take place. The response period is very quick and the river relieving period should be inRead more

    Geopolymer concrete:

    Actually, the geopolymer gel forms the C-S-H gel in concrete cement. C-S-H stands for calcium silicate hydrate gel, it is formed when water is added to the cement and hydration process will take place.

    The response period is very quick and the river relieving period should be in between 24 to 48 hours.

    Geopolymer concrete is manufactured with the help of waste material like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.

    First, we have to process the fly ash as well as ground granulated blast furnace slag before its actual use to make polymer concrete.


    Thank you.

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Asked: July 23, 2020In: Concrete

What is the reason for micro cracks in concrete?

Tips_and_tricks
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What is the reason for micro-cracks in concrete? Why do they occur even before the structure is loaded?

  1. CB Sowmya

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    Added an answer on July 24, 2020 at 5:42 pm

    The reason why micro-cracks occur in concrete even before loading is because of the Interfacial Transition Zone. The interfacial transition zone is the weakest link in the concrete. It is caused by the formation of a water film around the aggregate surface. When concrete is mixed, the water forms aRead more

    The reason why micro-cracks occur in concrete even before loading is because of the Interfacial Transition Zone.

    The interfacial transition zone is the weakest link in the concrete. It is caused by the formation of a water film around the aggregate surface. When concrete is mixed, the water forms a film around the aggregate, and as a result, the water-cement ratio near that aggregate increases. A high water-cement ratio means less strength.

    This water film hinders the hydration reaction and results in a porous network of hydrated products. This porous network is much weaker than the bulk mortar. Therefore, even small changes in temperature cause differential movement of the material in the concrete. Differential movement occurs due to the difference in the porosity of the hydrated products.

    As a result, the micro-cracks are formed. They are formed even without the application of loads.

    Thanks

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Asked: December 6, 2017In: Concrete

What Materials can be used as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Concrete?

Gopal Mishra
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What are the materials that can be used as replacement for fine aggregates in Concrete?

  1. sanjaypakad

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    sanjaypakad Beginner
    Added an answer on October 5, 2020 at 10:36 pm

    It depends the nearby availability of replaceable materials as fine aggregate. Like rise husk fly ash agri waste river sand GGBS Recycled crushed aggregate Crushed stone crushed bricks

    It depends the nearby availability of replaceable materials as fine aggregate. Like

    • rise husk
    • fly ash
    • agri waste
    • river sand
    • GGBS
    • Recycled crushed aggregate
    • Crushed stone
    • crushed bricks
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Asked: June 9, 2020In: Concrete

What is the difference between Reinforced cement concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete?

Tanveer Habib
Tanveer Habib

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What is the difference between Reinforced cement concrete and Fibre Reinforced Concrete?  

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    Added an answer on July 5, 2020 at 5:26 pm

    Reinforced concrete is the kind of concrete you'll normally see. It's reinforced with steel rebars to compensate for the low tensile strength of plain concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete is one in which the steel rebars are replaced with fibrous material pre added into the concrete mix so as to haveRead more

    Reinforced concrete is the kind of concrete you’ll normally see. It’s reinforced with steel rebars to compensate for the low tensile strength of plain concrete.

    Fiber reinforced concrete is one in which the steel rebars are replaced with fibrous material pre added into the concrete mix so as to have this fibrous material embedded as reinforcement in the finished concrete. The fibres used vary from steel, plastic, synthetics, polymers, natural fibres and some more.

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Asked: July 22, 2020In: Concrete

Why does modulus of elasticity of concrete reduce with time?

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Why does the modulus of elasticity of concrete reduce with time?

  1. CB Sowmya

    CB Sowmya

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    Added an answer on July 22, 2020 at 11:27 am

    The Modulus of Elasticity reduces with time because of the effect of creep. Creep is the phenomenon that occurs in hardened concrete over time, where for constant load or stress, deformation increases. Keeping that in mind, let us look at the definition of modulus of elasticity of concrete. It is thRead more

    The Modulus of Elasticity reduces with time because of the effect of creep. Creep is the phenomenon that occurs in hardened concrete over time, where for constant load or stress, deformation increases.

    Keeping that in mind, let us look at the definition of modulus of elasticity of concrete. It is the slope of the initial tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve of concrete.

    The above graph shows the stress-strain curve of the concrete at an early stage.

     

    Due to creep, for a given load/stress, deformation increases, thereby strain increases. This has been explained in the following graph.

    As a result, the slope of the curve reduces and becomes like this.

     

    As the curve descends, the slope of the initial tangent modulus of the stress-strain curve of concrete reduces.

    As a result, the modulus of elasticity also reduces.

     

    Thank you!

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