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Asked: April 24, 2021In: Construction

How to find the rebar spacing when not mentioned in the drawing?

VIGNESH SAMBATH
VIGNESH SAMBATH

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How to find the rebar spacing when not mentioned in the drawing?

  1. Fasi Ur Rahman

    Fasi Ur Rahman

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    Fasi Ur Rahman EDITOR
    Added an answer on April 24, 2021 at 10:31 pm

    The rebar spacing must be mentioned in the drawing. The drawing without rebar spacing is incomplete. This is because the rebar spacing is obtained during design calculation.

    The rebar spacing must be mentioned in the drawing. The drawing without rebar spacing is incomplete.
    This is because the rebar spacing is obtained during design calculation.

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Asked: May 20, 2020In: Construction

What are the Advantages AAC Masonry over the Conventional Brick Masonry Work ?

Abhishek Kirave
Abhishek Kirave

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What are the Advantages AAC Masonry over the Conventional Brick Masonry Work? Which type of wall shall have more strength?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on November 28, 2020 at 11:02 am

    AAC is also known as Autoclaved aerated concrete which is a lightweight, precast, foam concrete building material which is suitable for producing concrete masonry unit like blocks. The advantages of AAC masonry over the conventional brick masonry are as follows :- - AAC bricks are eco-friendly whereRead more

    AAC is also known as Autoclaved aerated concrete which is a lightweight, precast, foam concrete building material which is suitable for producing concrete masonry unit like blocks.

    The advantages of AAC masonry over the conventional brick masonry are as follows :-
    – AAC bricks are eco-friendly whereas conventional bricks are not.
    – On AAC block dead load on the structure is low which reduces the consumption of cement, steel and water whereas using red clay brick there’s a heavy dead load on the structure.
    – AAC blocks emits less heat in the atmosphere due to less use of cement, steel and concrete whereas on the other hand red clay bricks emits high heat to the atmosphere.
    – AAC blocks have less material wastage whereas conventional red clay bricks have high material wastage.
    – Thus, AAC have high sound insulation properties and red bricks have low insulation property.

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Asked: July 15, 2020In: Construction

How to repair Honeycombs in Column?

fathima
fathima

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How to repair Honeycombs in Column?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 18, 2020 at 6:36 pm
    How to repair Honeycombs in Column?

    Causes of honeycombing in the column: Improper mixing ratio Vibrating not done properly Use of excessive stiff concrete. Use of figure size of aggregate in concrete during mixing. Curing not done properly Following are the remedies of honeycombing in the column: the spacing of reinforcement should bRead more

    Causes of honeycombing in the column:

    1. Improper mixing ratio
    2. Vibrating not done properly
    3. Use of excessive stiff concrete.
    4. Use of figure size of aggregate in concrete during mixing.
    5. Curing not done properly

    Following are the remedies of honeycombing in the column:

    1. the spacing of reinforcement should be maintained properly so that the vibrating needle goes middle in of the column and operating properly. If the spacing of reinforcement and stirrups is less, this illustrates the vibrating operations.
    2. In a column, strictly use of less than 20 mm aggregate used to reduce honeycombing defects.
    3. Tapping the shuttering with the help of wooden hammer during concreting this helps for minimising the honeycomb being up to great extent.
    4. Use of a thinner needle, it may be less than 25 mm. This allows vibrating at in very less space in the column.

    Hope this helps.

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Asked: October 31, 2017In: Construction

What is launching apron in river training works?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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What is launching apron in river training works?

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Asked: July 17, 2020In: Construction

Can quarry dust be replaced with sand in concrete?

fathima
fathima

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Can quarry dust be replaced with sand in concrete?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 8, 2020 at 11:13 pm
    Can quarry dust be replaced with sand in concrete?

    Yes, correct. Sand can be replaced by Quarry dust without any problem. Based on several references, I concluded that sand can be replaced by Quarry dust without highly compromising its durability property. By the experimental investigation, 40% replacement of sand with Quarry dust shows maximum compRead more

    Yes, correct.

    Sand can be replaced by Quarry dust without any problem.


    • Based on several references, I concluded that sand can be replaced by Quarry dust without highly compromising its durability property.
    • By the experimental investigation, 40% replacement of sand with Quarry dust shows maximum compressive strength and later on, it will decrease after increasing percentage of Quarry Dust in the sand.
    • Workability of concrete decreases as increasing the percentage of Quarry dust
    • Quarry dust is Waste. If we use quarry dust as a replacement of sand, then waste will ultimately reduce.

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Asked: July 24, 2020In: Construction

What is a Floor Area Ratio (FAR)?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

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What is a Floor Area Ratio (FAR)?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on October 10, 2020 at 3:05 pm

    What does FLOOR AREA RATIO mean: FAR is a technical term used in Urban Planning that determines the total built-up space of the building on a plot of land. Generally, the FAR of the City or the Area is fixed by the government, based on various parameters like infrastructure, population or populationRead more

    What does FLOOR AREA RATIO mean:

    FAR is a technical term used in Urban Planning that determines the total built-up space of the building on a plot of land. Generally, the FAR of the City or the Area is fixed by the government, based on various parameters like infrastructure, population or population growth. These you will understand once you are going through this issue.

    So by Definition FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) is the ratio of BUILDING’S TOTAL COVERED AREA to THE SIZE OF THE PLOT on which it is built.

    BUILDING’S TOTAL COVERED AREA is the Gross Floor Area.

    Formula for FAR

    FAR = TOTAL COVERED AREA (ALL FLOORS)/ AREA OF PLOT.

    For e.f. If there are 4 Floors and each Floor is of 5000 Sq feet, then the Total Covered Area of all the Floors is 20000 Sq Feet and the size of the plot is 10000 Sq Feet, then FAR = 20000/10000 = 2. In some areas it is mentioned as % i,e, 200% or somewhere it is mentioned simply 200. So if it is 200 then it means the FAR of the City or Area is 2, meaning one is authorized to build up the covered area 2 times to that of the plot area.

    But Generally FAR is fixed by the government, for particular City or Area and the FAR can be used to calculate the Total Covered Area that is built on a plot of land.

    NOTE: There is one more term FLOOR SPACE INDEX i.e. FSI. The meaning of FAR and FSI is the same. There is a difference of only denoting these two. FAR is always mentioned in percentage. For e.g. the FAR of any City / Area is 200% then the FSI of the same City / Area will be denoted as 2.0.

    Let us understand with the help of an illustration as in the image below:

    For e.g. the total Plot Area is 10000 Sq feet

    CASE 1: If FAR of a place is 0.5, then the total area to be built up is allowed only 5000 sq feet.

    OPTION A: One can construct in 50% of the plot area, only one floor of 5000 sq feet. So FAR = 5000/10000=0.5

    OPTION B : One can construct in 25% 2 Stories of 2500 sq feet of each. So FAR = (2X2500)/10000=5000/10000 = 0.5

    What is Floor Area Ratio (FAR)? | Seattle's Land Use Code

    CASE 2: If FAR of a place is 1.0, then the total area to be built up is allowed only 10000 sq feet.

    OPTION A: One can construct in 100% of the plot area, only one floor of 10000 sq feet. So FAR = 10000/10000=1.0

    OPTION B : One can construct in 50% of the plot area ,2 Stories floor of 5000 sq feet. So FAR = (5000 X 2) /10000 = 10000/10000=1.0

    OPTION C : One can construct in 25% 4 stories of 2500 sq feet of each. So FAR = (2500 X 4) /10000=10000/10000 = 1.0

    CASE 3: If FAR of a place is 2.0, then the total area to be built up is allowed only 20000 sq feet.

    OPTION A : One can construct in 100% of the plot area ,2 Stories of 10000 sq feet each. So FAR = (10000 X 2 )/10000 = 20000/10000=2.0

    OPTION B : One can construct in 50% of the plot area ,4 Stories floor of 5000 sq feet. So FAR = (5000 X 4) /10000 = 20000/10000=2.0

    OPTION C : One can construct in 25% 8 stories of 2500 sq feet of each. So FAR = (2500 X 8) /10000=20000/10000 = 1.0

    So if you know the FAR, you can calculate the total covered area that can be built on the plot.

    How much open area you have to leave or how much area can be built up depends on the zoning and planning regulations also. For e.g. how much area to be left for:

    • Setback.
    • Parking
    • Ground Coverage or Maximum Ground Coverage.
    • Height Restrictions

    FACTORS URBAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY CONSIDER WHILE DECIDING FAR:

    • The current population of the City / Area: When the population of the City / Area is high, the FAR is also high, it means the government is intending for Vertical Development as compared to the spread-out development,
    • Population Growth: If the population growth rate is high, then also the FAR of the City / Area is high
    • Infrastructure: Infrastructure also plays a key role while deciding the FAR of the City / Area. If Infrastructure is low then FAR will be kept low otherwise there will be pressure on infrastructural facilities viz, water, power supply, transport etc. If Infrastructure of the City / Area is already high and developed by the government relative to population density, then FAR can be kept at a higher level by the Authorities.

    Note: If in the City / Area, the infrastructure is low but the population is growing at a faster rate, then the government has to increase the infrastructure and FAR has to be kept higher to accommodate the high growing population.

    So when FAR increases the Population Density of the City / Area increases.

    IMPACT OF HIGH FAR:

    • Higher Population Density
    • Stress on Infrastructure
    • Better Profitability for Developers
    • High Land Value
    • Better Walkability

    IMPACT OF LOW FAR:

    • Lower Population Density.
    • Better Per Capita Infrastructure
    • Reduced Profitability for the Developers.
    • Low Land Prices.
    • Long Travel Distances
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Asked: June 22, 2020In: Construction

Why are steel plates inserted inside the bearings in Elastomeric Bearings?

Rohan Chaugule
Rohan Chaugule

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In the design of elastomeric bearings, why are steel plates inserted inside the bearings?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 7, 2020 at 5:52 pm
    Why are steel plates inserted inside the bearings in Elastomeric Bearings?

    Here, I am discussing some important reasons behind Steel plates inserted inside the bearing, especially in elastomeric bearings are as follows; For restricting the freedom of bearings to bulge and hence the deflection will get reduced when compared with bearings without any steel plates under the sRead more

    Here, I am discussing some important reasons behind Steel plates inserted inside the bearing, especially in elastomeric bearings are as follows;

    1. For restricting the freedom of bearings to bulge and hence the deflection will get reduced when compared with bearings without any steel plates under the same load.

    2. Inducing tensile stresses which limits bulging of the elastomer which provides a limit to the thickness of the steel plates

    3. Steel plates have the special property that it doesn’t affect the shear stiffness of Elasticmetric bearings.

    4. For increasing compression stiffness of elastomeric bearing by limiting the amount of lateral bulging

    5. To function the bearing as a soft Spring in elastomeric bearing

    6. Bearing should be allowed for bulging laterally in elastomeric bearing

    (Above diagram can clear your some doubts so refer it)

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Asked: July 23, 2020In: Construction

What is the capital cost that must be considered for a Project?

DevilAVRT
DevilAVRT

DevilAVRT

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What is the capital cost that must be considered for a Project?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on November 29, 2020 at 3:40 pm

    Capital costs are fixed, one time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. In other words it is the total cost needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.

    Capital costs are fixed, one time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. In other words it is the total cost needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.

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