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Asked: September 22, 2020In: Interview Questions

Difference between map and plan?

Komal Bhandakkar
Komal Bhandakkar

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What is the difference between map and plan?

  1. Srinivas Anumala

    Srinivas Anumala

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    Added an answer on November 21, 2020 at 12:40 am

    Map is a drawing showing the geographical features, facilities, roads, places, water bodies etc.. (natural & built) preferably covering large areas of land & waters. Plan is a drawing showing the proposed construction / development indicating the dimensions / measurements for further implemeRead more

    Map is a drawing showing the geographical features, facilities, roads, places, water bodies etc.. (natural & built) preferably covering large areas of land & waters.
    Plan is a drawing showing the proposed construction / development indicating the dimensions / measurements for further implementation.

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Asked: December 10, 2018In: Concrete

How to calculate the quantity of water for a given concrete mix.?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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How to calculate the quantity of water for a given mix concrete. As it would be required to calculate for mix 1:2:4.

  1. Preet Chovatiya

    Preet Chovatiya

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    Added an answer on November 28, 2020 at 7:11 pm

    As we know 1:2:4 ratio is for M15 concrete. Generally Water quantity is calculated as per below formula: Water Quantity=W/C ratio*Cement Quantity Generally W/C ratio is lays between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS 10262(2009). Now first we have to assume cement quantity, so let's assume cement quantity=50 KG aRead more

    As we know 1:2:4 ratio is for M15 concrete. Generally Water quantity is calculated as per below formula:

    Water Quantity=W/C ratio*Cement Quantity

    Generally W/C ratio is lays between 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS 10262(2009).

    Now first we have to assume cement quantity, so let’s assume cement quantity=50 KG and W/C ratio=0.5

    Now let’s calculate water quantity for 50 KG cement.

    Water Quantity=0.5*50=25 liter.

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Asked: September 25, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What are the advantages and disadvantages of remote sensing?

nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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what are the advantages and disadvantages of remote sensing?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on October 10, 2020 at 5:04 pm

    Advantages of remote sensing :- 1. Large area coverage: Remote sensing allows coverage of very large areas which enables regional surveys on a variety of themes and identification of extremely large features. 2. Remote sensing allows repetitive coverage which comes in handy when collecting data on dRead more

    Advantages of remote sensing :-

    1. Large area coverage: Remote sensing allows coverage of very large areas which enables regional surveys on a variety of themes and identification of extremely large features.
    2. Remote sensing allows repetitive coverage which comes in handy when collecting data on dynamic themes such as water, agricultural fields and so on.
    3. Remote sensing allows for easy collection of data over a variety of scales and resolutions.
    4. A single image captured through remote sensing can be analyzed and interpreted for use in various applications and purposes. There is no limitation on the extent of information that can be gathered from a single remotely sensed image.
    5. Remotely sensed data can easily be processed and analyzed fast using a computer and the data utilized for various purposes.
    6. Remote sensing is unobstructive especially if the sensor is passively recording the electromagnetic energy reflected from or emitted by the phenomena of interest. This means that passive remote sensing does not disturb the object or the area of interest.
    7. Data collected through remote sensing is analyzed at the laboratory which minimizes the work that needs to be done on the field.
    8. Remote sensing allows for map revision at a small to medium scale which makes it a bit cheaper and faster.
    9. Color composite can be obtained or produced from three separate band images which ensure the details of the area are far much more defined than when only a single band image or aerial photograph is being reproduced.
    10. It is easier to locate floods or forest fire that has spread over a large region which makes it easier to plan a rescue mission easily and fast.
    11. Remote sensing is a relatively cheap and constructive method reconstructing a base map in the absence of detailed land survey methods.

    Disadvantages of remote sensing :-

    1. Remote sensing is a fairly expensive method of analysis especially when measuring or analyzing smaller areas.
    2. Remote sensing requires a special kind of training to analyze the images. It is therefore expensive in the long run to use remote sensing technology since extra training must be accorded to the users of the technology.
    3. It is expensive to analyze repetitive photographs if there is need to analyze different aspects of the photography features.
    4. It is humans who select what sensor needs to be used to collect the data, specify the resolution of the data and calibration of the sensor, select the platform that will carry the sensor and determine when the data will be collected. Because of this, it is easier to introduce human error in this kind of analysis.
    5. Powerful active remote sensing systems such as radars that emit their own electromagnetic radiation can be intrusive and affect the phenomenon being investigated.
    6. The instruments used in remote sensing may sometimes be un-calibrated which may lead to un-calibrated remote sensing data.
    7. Sometimes different phenomena being analyzed may look the same during measurement which may lead to classification error.
    8. The image being analyzed may sometimes be interfered by other phenomena that are not being measured and this should also be accounted for during analysis.
    9. Remote sensing technology is sometimes oversold to the point where it feels like it is a panacea that will provide all the solution and information for conducting physical, biological or scientific research.
    10. The information provided by remote sensing data may not be complete and may be temporary.
    11. Sometimes large scale engineering maps cannot be prepared from satellite data which makes remote sensing data collection incomplete.

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Asked: September 25, 2020In: Concrete

What is the difference between plain and reinforced concrete?

nikeetasharma
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Differentiate between plain and reinforced concrete. Among these to which one gives more strength?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on October 26, 2020 at 9:47 pm

    Basic differences PCC RCC Plain Cement Concrete R/f Cement Concrete It doesn’t carry ‘Steel’. It carries Steel. PCC is weak in tension loading while strong in compression loading. RCC is strong in both. PCC blasts on excessive loading & in an instant w/t giving any warning. RCC gives you enoughRead more

    Basic differences

    PCC RCC
    Plain Cement Concrete R/f Cement Concrete
    It doesn’t carry ‘Steel’. It carries Steel.
    PCC is weak in tension loading while strong in compression loading. RCC is strong in both.
    PCC blasts on excessive loading & in an instant w/t giving any warning. RCC gives you enough time to vacate the structure before collapse.

    What is PCC DPC and RCC in civil engineering | RCC and PCC

      Plain Cement Concrete R/f Cement Concrete
    Tension Steel tendons

    High tensile steel bars

    Included with tension

    Ordinary Mild Steel Deformed Bars

    No tension included

    Basic materials used Min grade of concrete

    Post-Tensioning → M30

    Pre-Tensioning  → M40

    to resist high stresses

     

    High strength steel to transfer large prestressing force

    Min grade of concrete → M20

    Steel                           → MS

    Effectiveness of member Entire section carries load Does not carries load
    Crack resistance High

    Cracks don’t occur under working loads

    Less
    Wt & suitability Light

    Heavy loads & longer spans

    Heavy

    Wt is more desired than steel

    Equiments Requires many specialized equiments

    Pulling jack, Post-tensioning pump, Master wedges, Anchhor head & bearing

    Doesn’t involve specialized equiments.
    Quality of steel reqd 1/3rd of RCC

    More strength & less c/s area

    More
    Deflection Very less More
    Load carrying capacity & Durability More Less
    Shock resistance More Less
    Yield As high as 2100 N/mm2 200 – 300 N/mm2
    Testing Testing of steel & concrete can be done while prestressing. No way of testing the steel & concrete.
    Cost Economical for span of 10m – 18m.

    As length of span gets ↑

    Cost % ↑

    C/s area of beam ↓

    Economical for span < 9m.
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Asked: September 23, 2020In: Laboratory Tests

What is the purpose of doing CBR Test?

nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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What is the purpose of doing CBR Test?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 29, 2020 at 5:01 pm
    What is the purpose of doing CBR Test?

    Purpose of California bearing ratio test: The main purpose of the California bearing ratio test is the measurement of a soil resistance penetration before reaching its highest ultimate value of a shearing Basically, 2 California bearing ratio value is designed as a ratio in % of range 0 to 100. TheRead more

    Purpose of California bearing ratio test:

    1. The main purpose of the California bearing ratio test is the measurement of a soil resistance penetration before reaching its highest ultimate value of a shearing
    2. Basically, 2 California bearing ratio value is designed as a ratio in % of range 0 to 100.
    3. The important operation of conducting the California bearing ratio test are same of variations of various soil conditions and various type of construction.
    4. California bearing ratio test is used for the evaluation of subgrade strength of road and pavement
    5. California bearing ratio value used as an index of soil strength and its bearing capacity
    6. The results obtained from the CBR test are used with the Imperial curves for the determination of the thickness of pavement and various component layers of pavement.

     

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Asked: August 18, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What is positive and negative reinforcement in reinforced concrete?

aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

aviratdhodare

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aviratdhodare

What is positive and negative reinforcement in reinforced concrete?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on October 11, 2020 at 4:39 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Here, positive and negative reinforcement directly relates to positive and negative bending in the member. So wherever we anticipate postive bending or sagging in a member, we provide postive reinforcement and wherever we anticipate negative bending or hogging, we provide negative reinforcement. MosRead more

    Here, positive and negative reinforcement directly relates to positive and negative bending in the member. So wherever we anticipate postive bending or sagging in a member, we provide postive reinforcement and wherever we anticipate negative bending or hogging, we provide negative reinforcement. Most of the times these two may be the same bar.

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Asked: September 29, 2020In: Construction Site Related

What is Reinforced Soil?

nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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What is Reinforced Soil? State it’s advantages and disadvantages?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on November 17, 2020 at 5:52 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Reinforced soil: Meaning of Reinforced soil: Reinforced soil is simply a combination of compacted earth fill with the tensile reinforcement for creating an earth structure.  Advantages of reinforced soil: Less quantity of earth fill is required. The construction can be directly done on the soft grouRead more

    Reinforced soil:

    Meaning of Reinforced soil: Reinforced soil is simply a combination of compacted earth fill with the tensile reinforcement for creating an earth structure. 


    Advantages of reinforced soil:

    1. Less quantity of earth fill is required.

    2. The construction can be directly done on the soft ground.

    3. The structures can be quickly built as compared to any other conventional methods.

     Limitations of reinforced soil:

    • One of the biggest doubts about reinforcing soil is its durability.

    Thank You.

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Asked: September 25, 2020In: Structural Engineering

How do you calculate twisting moment?

nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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how to calculate twisting moment?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on October 15, 2020 at 10:10 am

    Torsion is the twisting of a beam under the action of a torque (twisting moment). It is systematically applied to screws, nuts, axles, drive shafts etc, and is also generated more randomly under service conditions in car bodies, boat hulls, aircraft fuselages, bridges, springs and many other structuRead more

    Torsion is the twisting of a beam under the action of a torque (twisting moment). It is systematically applied to screws, nuts, axles, drive shafts etc, and is also generated more randomly under service conditions in car bodies, boat hulls, aircraft fuselages, bridges, springs and many other structures and components. A torque, T , has the same units (N m) as a bending moment, M . Both are the product of a force and a distance. In the case of a torque, the force is tangential and the distance is the radial distance between this tangent and the axis of rotation.

    All torsion problems can be solved using the following formula:

    T/J = shear stress/ r = (G * angle)/ L

    where:

    T = torque or twisting moment, [N×m, lb×in]
    J = polar moment of inertia or polar second moment of area about shaft axis, [m4, in4]
    τ = shear stress at outer fibre, [Pa, psi]
    r = radius of the shaft, [m, in]
    G = modulus of rigidity (PanGlobal and Reed’s) or shear modulus (everybody else), [Pa, psi]
    θ = angle of twist, [rad]
    L = length of the shaft, [m, in]

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