Geotechnical Engineering

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nikeetasharma
nikeetasharma

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What will be the best method to calculate vertical stress of soil in geotechnical engineering ?

  1. aviratdhodare

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    aviratdhodare

    It depends on the condition of soil. Wt of dry soil +wt of water in soil + overlying Wt if any and so on. read the fallowing article in google for better idea. Vertical stress in the ground

    It depends on the condition of soil. Wt of dry soil +wt of water in soil + overlying Wt if any and so on. read the fallowing article in google for better idea.

    Vertical stress in the ground

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Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

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What is zero air void line in soil?

  1. Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

    Abbas Khan Civil Engineer

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    The zero Air Void line is obtained when there is no presence of the air in the pores of a soil mass and totally filled with the water and soil mass get saturated. It is determined by the compaction test of a soil. Draw the graph between Dry Density VS water content, calculate the dry density from thRead more

    The zero Air Void line is obtained when there is no presence of the air in the pores of a soil mass and totally filled with the water and soil mass get saturated. It is determined by the compaction test of a soil. Draw the graph between Dry Density VS water content, calculate the dry density from the compaction test results, and Zero Air void line is drawn on the graph.

     

    Graph A

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Manas Ranjan Patra
Manas Ranjan Patra

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  What is the submerged density and degree of shrinkage?

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    Submerged density or bouyant density is the density of a mass of soil as observed under water in a saturated condition of course. Suppose you are calculating the density when the soil mass and you yourself are submerged. It is calculated as the difference of the soil density in air and the density oRead more

    Submerged density or bouyant density is the density of a mass of soil as observed under water in a saturated condition of course. Suppose you are calculating the density when the soil mass and you yourself are submerged. It is calculated as the difference of the soil density in air and the density of water, divided by the density of water.

    SD = (density of soil – density of water) / density of water

    or

    SD = density of soil in air – 1

    It is also defined as the mass of soil minus the mass of water displaced by it upon submergence, divided by the volume.

    This concept is particularly useful in determining the bouyancy of submerged soils and is crucial in equations of sediment transport in rivers. If the bouyant density equals 1, the soil just floats. If it gets negative, soil will rise in water.

    Degree of shrinkage is another concept. It is the amount of water content reduction needed to bring the soil to its shrinkage limit, expressed as percent of the original water content.

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Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

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What is a triaxial test? Why it is significant to know soil property? and which type of property?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Triaxial test ; The triaxial test is one of the most versatile and widely performed tests in the geotechnical laboratory. It allows shear strength and stiffness of soil and rock to be determined for use in geotechnical design. - Procedure of triaxial test :- The triaxial test typically involves subjRead more

    Triaxial test ;

    The triaxial test is one of the most versatile and widely performed tests in the geotechnical laboratory. It allows shear strength and stiffness of soil and rock to be determined for use in geotechnical design.

    – Procedure of triaxial test :-

    The triaxial test typically involves subjecting a cylindrical specimen of soil, whose diameter ranges from 38mm to 100mm, into a cell that can be pressurized. Most of the specimens have an approximate 2:1 height to dia ratio and are sealed with a rubber membrane. The specimen preparation generally depends upon the type of soil. Cohesive soil samples are prepared directly from saturated compacted samples, either undisturbed or remolded. The specimen for cohesion-less soil is prepared with the help of the mold that maintains the required shape of the specimen.

    And then the specimen is vertically covered with a thin rubber membrane and placed between two rigid ends inside a pressure chamber. The upper plate can move vertically and apply vertical stresses to the specimen. The axial stress/strain of the sample is controlled by the movement of this vertical axis. The water pressure surrounding the sample in the pressure chamber controls the confining pressure. Also, the volume change of the sample is controlled by measuring the exact volume of moving water.

     

    There are three primary triaxial test carried out in a laboratory, depending upon the combination of loading and drainage condition ;

    • Consolidated – Drained (CD)
    • Consolidated – Undrained (CU)
    • Unconsolidated – Undrained (UU)

    Triaxial test is significant to know soil property because it determines the ability of soil to resist shear stress and strain. Different combination of confining and axial stresses can be applied. Drained and undrained test can be carried out. The types of properties of soil which can be known by triaxial test are followed ;

    1. Shear strength and stiffness of soil
    2. Stress/Strain behavior
    3. Pore water pressure of soil
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Rohan Chaugule
Rohan Chaugule

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What is Braced Excavation?

  1. Kuldeep Singh

    Kuldeep Singh

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    What is Braced Excavation?

    Braced excavation is a method where deep excavations with straight vertical faces are laterally supported by a sheeting and bracing system until the structure is built. In deep excavations creating a safe slope on the excavation face just for safety is generally not feasible due to high cost, inabunRead more

    Braced excavation is a method where deep excavations with straight vertical faces are laterally supported by a sheeting and bracing system until the structure is built.

    In deep excavations creating a safe slope on the excavation face just for safety is generally not feasible due to high cost, inabundance of space and other structures present nearby. So, the excavation is temperorly supported by sheets/walls and struts, which are removed individually when their requirements cease. Relatively flexible sheets/walls are placed against excavation walls and supported by horizontal struts which in turn resist the earth pressure in compression.

    Some methods are vertical timber sheeting, shoring, steel sheet piling, soldier beams and also tiebacks.

    These structures might not be removed later but they may or may structurallynot be structurally important apart from offering temperorly lateral support. For example, tie backs support excavations and also replace permanent retaining walls.

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Geolink
Geolink

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What are the soil tests required for a 3 storey building and the standards for each test?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

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    Investigation of soil depends upon the type of soil and its topographic condition but not to the number of storeys. For a three-storey building, the soil must be stable with good bearing capacity and does not show any settlement in the previous loading. The following are the tests performed on the sRead more

    Investigation of soil depends upon the type of soil and its topographic condition but not to the number of storeys.

    For a three-storey building, the soil must be stable with good bearing capacity and does not show any settlement in the previous loading.

    The following are the tests performed on the soil to check its geotechnical properties during the construction of any structure; it may be three storeys or more.

    1. Moisture content of soil determined by oven drying method, calcium carbide method torsion balance method, pycnometer method, radiation method, alcohol method and sand bath method.
    2. Test of specific gravity: it is the ratio of the density of soil to the density of water.
    3. Test of Dry Density: it depends upon the value of void ratio and a specific gravity of soil. This test is used to determine the soil as a medium dense, loose and Dense.
    4. Test to find atterberg limit: three types of the limit are there that is the liquid limit, plastic limit and shrinkage limit.
    5. Compaction test on the soil by proctors method.
    6. Bearing capacity value of soil.
    7. Penetration test on soil
    8. Share test on soil: it is performed by the direct shear test method, triaxial compression test, unconfined shear test, Vane shear test.

    Hope you get the answer.

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Vinnarasan
Vinnarasan

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Why we conduct soil penetration test in soil investigation?

  1. AdityaBhandakkar

    AdityaBhandakkar

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    Why we Conduct the SPT Test in Soil investigation?

    As a civil engineer to check the geotechnical properties of soil, three guests must be performed the shear test, bearing test, and penetration test. A penetration test is performed by three methods, standard penetration test A dynamic cone penetration test Cone penetration test or Dutch cone penetraRead more

    As a civil engineer to check the geotechnical properties of soil, three guests must be performed the shear test, bearing test, and penetration test.

    A penetration test is performed by three methods,

    1. standard penetration test
    2. A dynamic cone penetration test
    3. Cone penetration test or Dutch cone penetration test.

    In Geotechnical engineering, the value of standard penetration test is widely used for determining technical properties of soil.

    1. To check the soil parameters
    2. Value of cohesion and angle of internal friction with imperial relations.
    3. To know the deformation modulus.
    4. To check the consistency of soil
    5. For determining the bearing capacity of soil

    This test is globally used to determine various engineering and geotechnical properties for soil investigations.

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Himanshu joshi
Himanshu joshi

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Why abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition because abutments support the ends of the bridge and transfer the loads from the superstructure in to the ground. The abutments also support the bearing devices and the backwalls Moreover, bridge abutments connect the deck, or surfaRead more

    Abutment in bridge is designed as earth pressure and rest condition because abutments support the ends of the bridge and transfer the loads from the superstructure in to the ground. The abutments also support the bearing devices and the backwalls Moreover, bridge abutments connect the deck, or surface of the bridge, to the ground and help support its weight both horizontally and vertically. On short bridges, one abutment is placed at either end of the bridge and connected to the embankment, sometimes including a retaining wall.

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