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Asked: July 7, 2020In: Miscellaneous

Difference between Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying?

Shivan
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Difference between geodetic surveying and plane surveying?

  1. Ancy Joby

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    Added an answer on July 8, 2020 at 7:30 pm

    As we all know, Geodetic surveying and Plane surveying comes under the primary classification of surveying. Geodetic surveying In geodetic surveying, the curvature of the earth is taken into account while taking surveying. In this surveying conducted a larger area. Geodetic surveying is mainly conduRead more

    As we all know, Geodetic surveying and Plane surveying comes under the primary classification of surveying.

    Geodetic surveying

    In geodetic surveying, the curvature of the earth is taken into account while taking surveying. In this surveying conducted a larger area. Geodetic surveying is mainly conducted to determine the precise positions on the earth surface. It is also called as Trigonometrical surveying.

    Plane Surveying

    In-plane surveying, the curvature of the earth is ignored because surveying is conducted in small areas. The degree of accuracy is low as compared to Geodetic surveying.

     

     

     

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Asked: September 25, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What are the advantages and disadvantages of remote sensing?

nikeetasharma
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what are the advantages and disadvantages of remote sensing?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on October 10, 2020 at 5:04 pm

    Advantages of remote sensing :- 1. Large area coverage: Remote sensing allows coverage of very large areas which enables regional surveys on a variety of themes and identification of extremely large features. 2. Remote sensing allows repetitive coverage which comes in handy when collecting data on dRead more

    Advantages of remote sensing :-

    1. Large area coverage: Remote sensing allows coverage of very large areas which enables regional surveys on a variety of themes and identification of extremely large features.
    2. Remote sensing allows repetitive coverage which comes in handy when collecting data on dynamic themes such as water, agricultural fields and so on.
    3. Remote sensing allows for easy collection of data over a variety of scales and resolutions.
    4. A single image captured through remote sensing can be analyzed and interpreted for use in various applications and purposes. There is no limitation on the extent of information that can be gathered from a single remotely sensed image.
    5. Remotely sensed data can easily be processed and analyzed fast using a computer and the data utilized for various purposes.
    6. Remote sensing is unobstructive especially if the sensor is passively recording the electromagnetic energy reflected from or emitted by the phenomena of interest. This means that passive remote sensing does not disturb the object or the area of interest.
    7. Data collected through remote sensing is analyzed at the laboratory which minimizes the work that needs to be done on the field.
    8. Remote sensing allows for map revision at a small to medium scale which makes it a bit cheaper and faster.
    9. Color composite can be obtained or produced from three separate band images which ensure the details of the area are far much more defined than when only a single band image or aerial photograph is being reproduced.
    10. It is easier to locate floods or forest fire that has spread over a large region which makes it easier to plan a rescue mission easily and fast.
    11. Remote sensing is a relatively cheap and constructive method reconstructing a base map in the absence of detailed land survey methods.

    Disadvantages of remote sensing :-

    1. Remote sensing is a fairly expensive method of analysis especially when measuring or analyzing smaller areas.
    2. Remote sensing requires a special kind of training to analyze the images. It is therefore expensive in the long run to use remote sensing technology since extra training must be accorded to the users of the technology.
    3. It is expensive to analyze repetitive photographs if there is need to analyze different aspects of the photography features.
    4. It is humans who select what sensor needs to be used to collect the data, specify the resolution of the data and calibration of the sensor, select the platform that will carry the sensor and determine when the data will be collected. Because of this, it is easier to introduce human error in this kind of analysis.
    5. Powerful active remote sensing systems such as radars that emit their own electromagnetic radiation can be intrusive and affect the phenomenon being investigated.
    6. The instruments used in remote sensing may sometimes be un-calibrated which may lead to un-calibrated remote sensing data.
    7. Sometimes different phenomena being analyzed may look the same during measurement which may lead to classification error.
    8. The image being analyzed may sometimes be interfered by other phenomena that are not being measured and this should also be accounted for during analysis.
    9. Remote sensing technology is sometimes oversold to the point where it feels like it is a panacea that will provide all the solution and information for conducting physical, biological or scientific research.
    10. The information provided by remote sensing data may not be complete and may be temporary.
    11. Sometimes large scale engineering maps cannot be prepared from satellite data which makes remote sensing data collection incomplete.

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Asked: October 5, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What is the difference between Declination and Dip?

Komal Bhandakkar
Komal Bhandakkar

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What is the difference between declination and dip?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on October 9, 2020 at 9:25 pm
    This answer was edited.
    What is the difference between Declination and Dip?

    Declination: I am providing more additional information about the declination, have a look. Here, I Attached a diagram of declination, through that we can clearly understand positive as well as negative declination. Whenever declination is towards the Eastwood direction then that declination is callRead more

    Declination:

    I am providing more additional information about the declination, have a look.

    Here, I Attached a diagram of declination, through that we can clearly understand positive as well as negative declination.


    1. Whenever declination is towards the Eastwood direction then that declination is called positive declination.

    2. When a declination is going towards west word direction then it is called negative declination.

    True bearing is the sum of magnetic bearing plus declination.


    Thank you.

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Asked: August 18, 2020In: Miscellaneous

What is positive and negative reinforcement in reinforced concrete?

aviratdhodare
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What is positive and negative reinforcement in reinforced concrete?

  1. nikeetasharma

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    Added an answer on October 11, 2020 at 4:39 pm
    This answer was edited.

    Here, positive and negative reinforcement directly relates to positive and negative bending in the member. So wherever we anticipate postive bending or sagging in a member, we provide postive reinforcement and wherever we anticipate negative bending or hogging, we provide negative reinforcement. MosRead more

    Here, positive and negative reinforcement directly relates to positive and negative bending in the member. So wherever we anticipate postive bending or sagging in a member, we provide postive reinforcement and wherever we anticipate negative bending or hogging, we provide negative reinforcement. Most of the times these two may be the same bar.

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Asked: October 23, 2017In: Miscellaneous

What should be Minimum Ceiling Height for a Large Bedroom?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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Please can someone let me know what the minimum ceiling height should be for a large bedroom, it’s about 20 metres long by 5 metres wide?

  1. Sagar Rao
    Added an answer on October 27, 2017 at 6:07 pm

    10 feet is minimum ceiling height from finished floor level. Ceiling fan will consume at least 1 feet 6 inches from top. Average height of a man considered as 6 feet, when he/she raised his/her hand it will come to 7 feet 6 inches to 8 feet. So clear distance will be minimum 6 inches from palm top tRead more

    10 feet is minimum ceiling height from finished floor level.

    Ceiling fan will consume at least 1 feet 6 inches from top.

    Average height of a man considered as 6 feet, when he/she raised his/her hand it will come to 7 feet 6 inches to 8 feet.

    So clear distance will be minimum 6 inches from palm top to ceiling fan.

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Asked: September 19, 2020In: Miscellaneous

how to calculate the rate of spray of prime coat in road construction.

aviratdhodare
aviratdhodare

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 how to calculate the rate of spray of prime coat in road construction. 

  1. aviratdhodare

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    Added an answer on September 25, 2020 at 4:08 pm

    Tray Test is used to calculate the rate of spread of prime or tack coat. The test uses a 20cm X 20 cm X 3 cm tray placed on the surface to be primed at some intervals in the path of the sprayer/emulsion distributor. They are placed between the wheel's path/tracks. 5 samples are collected for a testRead more

    Tray Test is used to calculate the rate of spread of prime or tack coat. The test uses a 20cm X 20 cm X 3 cm tray placed on the surface to be primed at some intervals in the path of the sprayer/emulsion distributor. They are placed between the wheel’s path/tracks.

    5 samples are collected for a test and a minimum of 3 tests are conducted for a day of work.

    Weight of the emulsion on the tray is calculated by finding the difference in the final and the initial weight of the tray. Weight per unit sq.m or weight per 10 sq.m is obtained and checked with specified limits mentioned in MORT&H Table 500–3 (prime coat) and 500–5 (Tack coat) or other relevant IRC specifications.

    Initially before the start of the priming work, a demonstration trial is done based on the following parameters:

    1. Equipment type for spraying operation
    2. Size of nozzle
    3. Pressure at spray bar
    4. Speed of forward movement of sprayer equipment.

    Above values are ascertained and calibrated for a required rate of spray as per the specification by using tray test prior to the start of actual work.

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Asked: December 13, 2017In: Miscellaneous

Properties and optimization Alkali activated fly ash

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

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What are Various properties and optimization of alkali activated fly ash?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 18, 2020 at 6:35 pm

    Properties of alkali-activated fly ash :  I studied different research papers based on the above topic and I concluded that : The mortar and concrete made with Portland cement, free activated fly ash develop a highest mechanical strength Less time required to gain enough strength It has a moderate mRead more

    Properties of alkali-activated fly ash :

     I studied different research papers based on the above topic and I concluded that :

    • The mortar and concrete made with Portland cement, free activated fly ash develop a highest mechanical strength
    • Less time required to gain enough strength
    • It has a moderate modulus of elasticity
    • Better Bond formation of Steel reinforcement
    • Its shrinkage capacity is very less as compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete

    Optimisation of alkali-activated fly ash :

    • Actually conductive alkali-activated Ash is formed using carbon fibres
    • Optimisation of alkali-activated fly ash is done when we use 0.3% Carbon fibre content 25 to 30 per cent ceramsite content and 70% slag content

    Thank you.

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Asked: December 13, 2017In: Miscellaneous

What is minimum pressure gauge for GI testing?

Gopal Mishra
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At what reading of pressure gauge the GI fitting of kitchen and bathroom should be tested?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

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    Added an answer on September 18, 2020 at 6:35 pm
    What is minimum pressure gauge for GI testing?

    Minimum pressure gauge for galvanized iron testing : Minimum yield strength of finished top tube should be 50000 psi Minimum tensile strength for the finished tube shall be 55000 psi The mechanical property of the finished surface of the cube is mainly depended upon the tube size and gauge. GenerallRead more

    Minimum pressure gauge for galvanized iron testing :

    • Minimum yield strength of finished top tube should be 50000 psi
    • Minimum tensile strength for the finished tube shall be 55000 psi
    • The mechanical property of the finished surface of the cube is mainly depended upon the tube size and gauge.
    • Generally galvanized iron pipes are used for the distribution of treated as well as raw water in rural and urban areas
    • Such type of pipes are very cheaper and its weight is very very light so that it can handle anywhere.
    • The tensile strength of galvanized iron pipe shall be at least 320 Newton per mm square.
    • The test shall be carried out on full section cut from the selected tubes in accordance with IS1608 and IS 12278

     

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