Join

Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Have an account? Log in
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Have an account? Log in Now

Log in

Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.

Join Here

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here

Forgot Password

Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.

Have an account? Log in Now

Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must log in to ask a question. Join now!

Join for free or log in to continue reading...

Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
or use


Forgot Password?

Don't have account, Join Here
Join now!
The Constructor Logo The Constructor Logo
Log inJoin

The Constructor

The Constructor Navigation

  • Articles
    • Recent Articles
    • Popular Articles
    • Write for us
  • Community
  • Categories
    • How To Guide
      • Material Testing Guide
    • Concrete
    • Building
      • Brick Masonry
      • Building Materials
      • Building Tips
    • Construction
      • Equipments
      • Management
    • Digital Construction
    • Geotechnical
      • Foundation
  • Case Studies
Search
Ask A Question

Mobile menu

Close
Ask a Question
  • Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sustainability
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

Foundation

Home/Foundation

Do you need to remove the ads? Join now!

  • Recent Questions
  • Most Answered
  • Answers
  • No Answers
  • Most Visited
  • Most Voted
  • Random

Discy Latest Questions

Asked: November 18, 2017In: Foundation

What are Bearing Capacity Values of Different Types of Soil?

Gopal Mishra
Gopal Mishra

Gopal Mishra

  • 75 Questions
  • 44 Answers
  • 7 Best Answers
  • 577 Points
View Profile
Gopal Mishra

What are the bearing capacity values of different types of soils such as clay, sand, gravel, rocks etc.?

  1. aviratdhodare

    aviratdhodare

    • 37 Questions
    • 252 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 480 Points
    View Profile
    aviratdhodare
    Added an answer on August 12, 2020 at 11:32 pm

    Follwoing are the values of safe bearing capacity as per IS:1904–1978 - Rocks - a) hard sound rock - 330 t/m2 or 3240 KN/m2 b) leminated rock - 165 t/m2 or 1620 KN/m2 c) residual deposit of shattered and broken rocks- 90 t/m2 or 880 KN/m2 d) soft rock - 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2 Non Cohesive Soil (sandRead more

    Follwoing are the values of safe bearing capacity as per IS:1904–1978 –

    Rocks –

    a) hard sound rock – 330 t/m2 or 3240 KN/m2

    b) leminated rock – 165 t/m2 or 1620 KN/m2

    c) residual deposit of shattered and broken rocks- 90 t/m2 or 880 KN/m2

    d) soft rock – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    Non Cohesive Soil (sand & gravel ) –

    a) compact gravel, sand and gravel – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    b) compact and dry coarse sand – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    c) compact and dry medium sand – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    d) find sand – 15 t/m2 or 150 KN/m2

    e) loose gavel or sand – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    f) loose and dry fine sand – 10 t/m2 or 100 KN/m2

    Cohesive soil –

    a) hard or stiff clay, soft shale – 45 t/m2 or 440 KN/m2

    b) medium clay – 25 t/m2 or 245 KN/m2

    c) moist clay and sand clay mixture – 15 t/m2 or 150 KN/m2

    d) soft clay – 10 t/m2 or 100 KN/m2

    e) very soft clay – 5 t/m2 or 50 KN/m2

    f) black cotton soil , peat – by soil investigation

    This is bit difficult to state like this. Generally, in fields, we deal with layered soil systems where in you need to work out settlement of each layer and then compare the same to allowable settlement of the subject structure. The allowable settlement for each structure in different and hence the criterion changes all the time.

    More than shear criteria, the settlement criteria generally governs the safe bearing capacity of a soil. So, it is difficult to standardize the bearing capacity values in case of soils. May be, in the case of rock, you can standardize the values as the rock does not settle more than 3–4 mm.

    See less
    • 34
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 27
  • 13 13 Answers
  • 67,935 Views
  • 3 Followers
Asked: July 29, 2020In: Foundation

Which type of foundation is best for black cotton soil?

Himanshu joshi
Himanshu joshi

Himanshu joshi

  • 11 Questions
  • 27 Answers
  • 0 Best Answers
  • 767 Points
View Profile
Himanshu joshi Learner

Which type of foundation is best for black cotton soil?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on December 15, 2020 at 7:24 pm

    Depending on the structural needs one can choose shallow, deep as well as mat foundation. The thing that matters is which type of structure is going to be built. Thank you!

    Depending on the structural needs one can choose shallow, deep as well as mat foundation. The thing that matters is which type of structure is going to be built.

    Thank you!

    See less
    • 1
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 1
  • 9 9 Answers
  • 15,472 Views
  • 1 Follower
Asked: May 26, 2020In: Foundation

Difference between Gross Bearing Capacity and Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil?

RaghavArora
RaghavArora

RaghavArora

  • 4 Questions
  • 5 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 847 Points
View Profile
RaghavArora Learner

What is the difference between Safe Bearing Capacity and Gross Bearing Capacity?

  1. Neenu S K

    Neenu S K

    • 1 Question
    • 13 Answers
    • 2 Best Answers
    • 702 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    Neenu S K
    Added an answer on May 30, 2020 at 4:02 pm

    Hi, In gross bearing capacity, the gross load is taken. Loads from the superstructure, self-weight of the foundation, and overburden pressure are the gross loads. Gross bearing capacity value is not taken in design as it is very high. Safe bearing capacity is the bearing capacity value that neglectsRead more

    Hi,

    In gross bearing capacity, the gross load is taken. Loads from the superstructure, self-weight of the foundation, and overburden pressure are the gross loads. Gross bearing capacity value is not taken in design as it is very high.

    Safe bearing capacity is the bearing capacity value that neglects the overburden pressure and stress due to the footing weight. It is obtained by considering the factor of safety, i.e. net load is taken into consideration. More detailed explanation is given below.

    GROSS BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL (qu)

    • It is also called as Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil
    • It is represented by qu
    • Minimum gross pressure or load on the soil that can cause shear failure of the soil just below the footing.
    • Gross bearing capacity of the soil is defined based on gross load.
    • Gross load includes: Loads from superstructure, self-weight of the foundation and overburden pressure.

    NET ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL (qnu)

    • Represented by qnu
    • Net ultimate bearing Capacity = Gross bearing Capacity – (Stress due to weight of the footing + Stress due to overburden or surcharge)
    • As shown in below figure, the depth of footing is Df, if the density of footing and soil are same, equal to γ. Then, qnu= qu – γDf

    SAFE BEARING CAPACITY OF SOIL

    • Safe Bearing capacity of soil is obtained after applying the factor of safety.
    • It is divided into two:
      • Safe Net Bearing Capacity
      • Safe Gross Bearing Capacity
    • Safe Net Bearing Capacity is defined as the net soil pressure that can be safely applied to the soil considering shear failure alone. It is obtained as qns = Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity (qnu)/Factor of Safety, i.e. qns = qnu/FS
    • Safe Gross Bearing Capacity or Safe bearing Capacity is defined as the maximum gross pressure that soil can carry without shear failure. It is given by safe gross bearing capacity qs = qns + γDf
    See less
    • 18
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 0
  • 2 2 Answers
  • 12,733 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 13, 2020In: Foundation

What are the factor affecting in selection of foundation ?

vivek gami
vivek gami

vivek gami

  • 54 Questions
  • 16 Answers
  • 5 Best Answers
  • 93 Points
View Profile
vivek gami User

What are the factor affecting in selection of foundation ?

  1. Komal Bhandakkar

    Komal Bhandakkar

    • 49 Questions
    • 255 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,050 Points
    View Profile
    Komal Bhandakkar AUTHOR
    Added an answer on October 19, 2020 at 11:07 pm
    This answer was edited.
    What are the factor affecting in selection of foundation ?

    Factors affecting the selection of foundation: Factors affecting the selection of foundation based on politics to basic criteria: Based on soil condition Based on loads from the building 1. based on soil condition: The shallow foundations are most preferred Foundation whenever the soil close to theRead more

    Factors affecting the selection of foundation:

    Factors affecting the selection of foundation based on politics to basic criteria:

    1. Based on soil condition
    2. Based on loads from the building

    1. based on soil condition:

    • The shallow foundations are most preferred Foundation whenever the soil close to the surface which is capable of support structural loads.
    • Where ground close to the surface is not capable of supporting structural loads Din hard starter is used for the foundation is required.
    • The stable ground requires Shallow Foundation whereas filled up Grounds has low bearing capacity thus requires deep Foundation.

    2. based on loads from the building:

    • In case of very low height building in a larger area than the extent of loading is relatively very slow and that’s why Shallow Foundation con resists the load from the structures.
    • In the case of high rise building with less area and high amount of loads. In that case, the foundation is required. Because the shallow Foundation may not be able to resist such high loads of great intensity.

    Thank you.

    See less
    • 26
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 2 2 Answers
  • 9,527 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: April 27, 2019In: Foundation

What is the Procedure for Foundation Construction of a Building?

Ezekiel 23
Ezekiel 23

Ezekiel 23

  • 1 Question
  • 0 Answers
  • 0 Best Answers
  • 20 Points
View Profile
Ezekiel 23 User

What is the step by step procedure for construction of foundation for a building? How the foundation construction is carried out at site?

  1. dbnalawade

    dbnalawade

    • 15 Questions
    • 24 Answers
    • 2 Best Answers
    • 1,086 Points
    View Profile
    Best Answer
    dbnalawade Expert
    Added an answer on July 30, 2020 at 2:18 pm

    Step by Step procedure for construction of building foundation on an organised construction site can be as below: First step is to write a method statement involving scope of work, references, count and type equipments and labour required and requirements . Ensure you have  approved drawings good foRead more

    Step by Step procedure for construction of building foundation on an organised construction site can be as below:

    1. First step is to write a method statement involving scope of work, references, count and type equipments and labour required and requirements .
    2. Ensure you have  approved drawings good for construction
    3. Prepare BBS for foundations and order reinforcement and ensure materials are on site and correctly stored.
    4. Request survey department to mark foundation centrelines and sizes including working space.
    5. Perform excavation manually or using machines depending on depth, nature of soil and water table. Some time you may to resort to dewatring to keep the water well below the foundation level.
    6. Do not over excavate . Any over excavation should be made top by lean concrete.
    7. Do not expose the foundation level for long time time. Ensure lean concrete is poured as soon as foundation level is reached .
    8. Inspect the foundation level for loose material or soft patches.
    9. Lean concrete is normally 75mm in thickness
    10. Following PCC or lean concrete, install reinforcement including column reinforcement or dowels and shutter the foundation. Use concrete covers of required size at the bottom and sides of reinforcement.
    11. In Middle East they introduce waterproof membranes ( refer: Grace Products)on lean concrete which raps the entire foundation as protection ( also known as tanking)
    12. Once the rebar is in place , with cover you need dust off and get the foundation inspected.
    13. Concrete Pour Card provides you all the checks you need to perform before casting foundations.
    14. You order correct grade concrete + check slump+temperature before concrete is allowed to be poured.
    15. Compact the concrete in layers using vibrators without leading to segregation.
    16. Cast the cubes to test at 7 and 28 days
    17. Cure the cast concrete for minimum of 10 days if it is wet curing
    18. Deshuttering of vertical faces is normally 24 hour to 48 hours.
    19. Once deshuttered and cured foundation is provided with coating or membrane protection.
    20. Finally foundations are backfilled by selected approved fill material in layers of 200mm or less to 95% degree.

    Hope this helps.

     

    See less
    • -2
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • -1
  • 3 3 Answers
  • 7,732 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 22, 2020In: Foundation

What is Pedestal in Column?

vivek gami
vivek gami

vivek gami

  • 54 Questions
  • 16 Answers
  • 5 Best Answers
  • 93 Points
View Profile
vivek gami User

What is Pedestal in Column? What is the minimum steel criteria of it?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on November 22, 2020 at 3:44 pm

    When the height of member is less than 3times the least lateral dimensions of column it is termed as pedestal whereas when the value is greater than 3times least lateral dimension it is termed as column. For Pedestals (whose effective length is less than three times the least lateral dimension) theRead more

    When the height of member is less than 3times the least lateral dimensions of column it is termed as pedestal whereas when the value is greater than 3times least lateral dimension it is termed as column.

    For Pedestals (whose effective length is less than three times the least lateral dimension) the minimum reinforcement is specified as 0.15 percent cross sectional area of concrete.

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 1
  • 3 3 Answers
  • 5,183 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: July 16, 2020In: Foundation

What is diffrent between strap footing and wall footing?

Vivek Patel
Vivek Patel

Vivek Patel

  • 39 Questions
  • 80 Answers
  • 1 Best Answer
  • 6 Points
View Profile
Vivek Patel User

What is diffrent between strap footing and wall footing?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on November 22, 2020 at 3:17 pm

    Strip Footing :- Strip footing is also known for the continuous longitudinal strip of concrete that serves as foundation for a wall. Strip footing spreads the load carried by a load-bearing wall across width wise area of soil. Hence, it is also known as shallow foundation. Strap Footing :- Strap fooRead more

    Strip Footing :- Strip footing is also known for the continuous longitudinal strip of concrete that serves as foundation for a wall. Strip footing spreads the load carried by a load-bearing wall across width wise area of soil. Hence, it is also known as shallow foundation.

    Strap Footing :- Strap footing is necessitated when a certain column footing has to be restricted in width due to unavoidable interference or boundary limitation. Basically, it is a type of combined footing, consisting of one additional, or more full width column footings connected by a concrete beam.

    See less
    • 0
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 2
  • 5 5 Answers
  • 4,852 Views
  • 0 Followers
Asked: May 14, 2020In: Foundation

When should we opt for continuous footing?

kheiro brahim
kheiro brahim

kheiro brahim

  • 1 Question
  • 0 Answers
  • 0 Best Answers
  • 5 Points
View Profile
kheiro brahim User

When should we opt for continuous footing?

  1. nikeetasharma

    nikeetasharma

    • 23 Questions
    • 303 Answers
    • 0 Best Answers
    • 2,680 Points
    View Profile
    nikeetasharma Guru
    Added an answer on October 29, 2020 at 5:57 pm

    A continuous footing is the one which supports more than two columns. This footing is also called as strip footing and is analogous to the strip footing for wall. The loads from the individual columns are transferred either directly to the footing slab, or through a longitudinal beam running longituRead more

    A continuous footing is the one which supports more than two columns. This footing is also called as strip footing and is analogous to the strip footing for wall. The loads from the individual columns are transferred either directly to the footing slab, or through a longitudinal beam running longitudinally when the loads are heavy.

    See less
    • 17
    • Share
      Share
      • Share on Facebook
      • Share on Twitter
      • Share on LinkedIn
      • Share on WhatsApp
  • 0
  • 5 5 Answers
  • 4,847 Views
  • 0 Followers
Load More Questions

Sidebar

Popular Articles

  • Gopal Mishra

    Types of Foundation for Buildings and their Uses [PDF]

  • Gopal Mishra

    Compressive Strength of Concrete -Cube Test [PDF], Procedure, Results

  • Sadanandam Anupoju

    16 Types of Heavy Equipment Used in Construction

  • Gopal Mishra

    Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates

  • Padmanabhan G

    Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transportation, and Storage

Recent Articles

  • constructororghq

    The Yellow Standard: Why Construction Equipment is Always Yellow

  • constructororghq

    Why Insuring Your Construction Projects Is A Must

  • constructororghq

    How Green Building Practices Lead to Lower Carbon Dioxide Levels

  • constructororghq

    How to plan your budget for home renovation

  • constructororghq

    How to Change Out a Countertop in Less Than a Day

Recent Questions

  • jkshah

    Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge?

    • 1 Answer
  • AKM59

    What is the tolerance for compression test results of concrete, according to the standards?

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used ...

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils?

    • 1 Answer
  • Gopal Mishra

    What are the different types of handrails used in bridges?

    • 1 Answer

Explore

  • Questions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Sustainability
  • Building
    • Brick Masonry
    • Building Materials
    • Building Tips
    • Formwork/Shuttering
  • Concrete
    • Concrete Admixtures
    • Cement
    • Concrete Cracks
    • Concrete Properties
  • Construction
    • Construction Equipments
    • Construction Management
    • Construction Project
    • Estimating & Costing
  • How To Guide
    • Material Estimation
    • Repair/Protection Guide
    • Material Testing Guide
    • Mix Design Guide
    • Rate Analysis
  • Geotechnical
    • Foundation Engineering
    • Ground Improvement
  • Structural Engineering
    • Strengthening of Structure
    • Structual Inspection
    • Structural Detailing
  • Surveying
  • Tips

Footer

  • Home
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms & Conditions
  • Ask Questions
  • Write for us
  • Popular Questions
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • Twitter
  • Telegram

© 2009-2021 The Constructor. All Rights Reserved.