Foundation heave is the upward movement of the expansive soil layer after it is saturated with water. Controlling the signs and symptoms of foundation heave at an early stage is important to prevent further enlargement of heave pressure and avoid ...
Geotechnical Engineering
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What are the Causes of Foundation Heave?
Foundation heave is an upward movement of the foundation due to soaked expansive soil. The factors that lead to the saturation of soil beneath a foundation are seasonal changes in moisture, underground aquifer, or leakage in underground pipes. It is ...
Submerged Floating Tunnel: Principle, Features, and Challenges
A submerged floating tunnel (SFT), also called Archimedes bridge or suspended tunnel, is a tunnel that floats in water supported by its buoyancy (specifically, by employing the hydrostatic thrust, or Archimedes’ principle). Tunnels in water are not new in civil ...
Tunnel Shafts: Types, Construction, and Advantages
Tunnel shafts are vertical passages that connect the ground surface to the tunnel roof. Shafts have many advantages and are used in constructing tunnels. When the position and course of the tunnel are correctly aligned and accordingly set out on ...
Grillage Foundation: Types, Construction, and Advantages
Grillage foundation consists of one or more tiers of beams (steel or timber) superimposed at right angles to each other on a concrete layer to disperse load over an extensive area. This type of foundation is generally used for heavy ...
What are the Criteria for Selection of Dewatering Methods?
Dewatering is the process of removing excess water from saturated soil to facilitate the excavation process and create safe working conditions. Various dewatering methods can be employed during excavation works to facilitate construction operations. The selection of suitable dewatering techniques ...
Sodic Soil: Effects, Properties, and Treatment
Sodic soils are formed when sodium ions are relatively higher than the other cations, impacting the soil structure. The amount of sodium in the soil is the key measure of sodicity and is referred to as the Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ...
Guide to Select the Suitable Soil Improvement Method
Soil improvement methods are adopted to increase the shear strength and the density of soil, preventing the occurrence of liquefaction and providing sufficient bearing capacity to the foundation. The selection of soil improvement methods is governed by several factors like ...