Tapes are used in surveying to take linear measurements. They are available in different lengths and can be made of different materials. The 5 most common types of tapes used in surveying are discussed in this article. Types of Tapes ...
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Road User Characteristics in Traffic Engineering
Road users play an important role in studying traffic engineering. They take up various roles like drivers, pedestrians, cycles etc and assess the conditions in their own unique way. The physical, mental and psychological factors are the main road user ...
Influence Line Analysis Method – Tabulated Technique
Influence line represents the variation of either the reaction, shear, moment, or deflection at a specific point in a member, as a concentrated force moves over the member. Influence lines are important for the design of a structure that resists ...
8 Points to Remember when Concreting in Rainy Season
Be it the season with extreme heat, extreme cold or inclement rains, Civil Engineers should be accustomed to fight all kinds of seasonal fluctuations. These fluctuations bring in different impediments in front of the constructor which are necessary to be ...
Methods of Glazing of Clay Products
Glazing is a process of providing a glassy layer on the surface of clay products or ceramics. The glazing layer is fused to a ceramic body by burning at a high temperature. The thickness of glazing is generally about 0.1 ...
Determination of Relative Density of Soil
Relative density is defined as the ratio of difference of void ratios of cohesionless soil in its loosest state and the natural state (emax – e) to the difference between void ratio in its loosest and densest state (emax – ...
Various Standard Codes on Pile Foundations in Different Countries
Pile foundation is a long or slender column that is constructed from materials like reinforced concrete or steel. It is a type of deep foundation which is used to support the structure and transfer the load at desired depth either ...
Architectural Concrete Construction and Finishes
Architectural concrete construction needs special care in the selection of materials, forming, placing, and finishing in order to achieve the designated architectural appearance. Architectural concrete stays permanently exposed to view on surfaces of completed structures making important for the contractor ...
Concrete Frame Construction – Types and Major Components
Concrete frame construction is a construction method which comprises a network of columns and beams to transfer the loads coming onto the structure to the foundation successfully. Wholistically, it forms a structural skeleton for the building which is used to ...
Difference between Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen demand (BOD) are the two main characteristic properties that indicate the strength of sewage. Both the parameters test the oxygen-demanding strength of the wastewaters. The basic features of COD, BOD and their basic ...