The decision to demolish or refurbish a specific building is not a simple task. It requires a trade-off between various objectives and values. The decision is controlled by several factors such as environmental and economic benefits, risk assessment, waste management, ...
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Chezy’s and Manning’s Formula in Open Channel Flow
The flow of a liquid through a passage under atmospheric pressure is called an open channel flow. Chezy’s and Manning’s equations are two important formulas used to determine the velocity and discharge of an open channel flow. This article explains ...
4 Types of Tests for Coated Glass
Coated glass is an industrial glass product onto which metal oxides are sprayed in the form of thin coatings (0.01 µm to 0.8 µm) that alter the light transmission, reflection, and absorption characteristics of glass. The coated glass uses green ...
Standard Dimensional Requirements of Building Components
The standard dimension of all components of a building is given by the country’s concerned authorities, which defines the minimum size and other requirements to adhere to while designing a building. These standards and specifications grant minimum safeguards to the ...
9 Common Excavation Hazards and their Preventive Measures
Excavation is one of the preliminary processes for any construction project. The hazards and risks associated with it include the collapse of the earth, injuries to workers due to the failure of the trench, machines falling into improperly excavated areas, ...
Exposure Conditions Affecting the Durability of Concrete
Different exposure conditions are established based on the degree of severity of the environmental conditions of the area in which the structure is located. Various codes such as Indian Standard, American Concrete Institute, and European Standard have set similar exposure ...
How to Design Reinforced Concrete Beam for Shear? Example Included
Shear design of reinforced concrete (RC) beam involves the determination of spacing between stirrups. Shear is a word used for forces that work perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of RC beam. Commonly, shear forces are maximum at supports of beams ...
Major Problems in Concrete Pumping Works: How to Avoid Them? Video Included
The major problems that one encounters when pumping concrete are blockage of pipeline, and segregation and bleeding of concrete mix. Blockage is the failure of concrete to emerge at the end of the pipeline. It is characterized by an increase ...