Types of stairs used in building construction is broadly based on the shape of the stairs. Straight stairs, Turning stairs and Continuous stairs are broad types of stairs. A stair is a set of steps leading from one floor of ...
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Types of Pointing in Brick Masonry Construction
Pointing is the finishing of mortar joints in brick or stone masonry construction. Pointing is the implementing of joints to a depth of 10 mm to 20 mm and filling it with better quality mortar in desired shape. It is ...
Horizontal Transition Curves for Highways and Its Calculation
What is transition curve and when it is needed? Transition curve is a curve in plan which is provided to change the horizontal alignment from straight to circular curve gradually means the radius of transition curve varies between infinity to ...
What is Vertical Alignment of Highways? Gradients and Vertical Curves
What is vertical alignment of highways? The vertical alignment of highway generally defined as the presence of heights and depths in vertical axis with respect to horizontal axis of alignment. These heights and depths in roads may be in the ...
Kennedy’s Silt Theory of Canals, Its Concept, Limitations, and Design
The design of canals using Kennedy’s Silt theory is explained in the following sections. Added to that, assumptions regarding the suggested theory, its concept, limitations, and improvements will be presented. What is Kennedy’s Silt Theory? RG Kennedy investigated canals systems ...
What are Intake Structures? 8 Types of Intake Structures
Intake structures are used for collecting water from the surface sources such as river, lake, and reservoir and conveying it further to the water treatment plant. These structures are masonry or concrete structures and provides relatively clean water, free from ...
What is Triangulation Surveying? Operations, Applications and Advantages
What is Triangulation Surveying? Triangulation surveying is the tracing and measurement of a series or network of triangles to determine distances and relative positions of points spread over an area, by measuring the length of one side of each triangle ...
What is Ultrasonic Testing of Concrete for Compressive Strength?
Ultrasonic testing of concrete or ultrasonic pulse velocity test on concrete is a non-destructive test to assess the homogeneity and integrity of concrete. With this ultrasonic test on concrete, following can be assessed: Qualitative assessment of strength of concrete, its gradation ...
RELATIVE DENSITY OF WATER W.R.T. TEMPERATURE
The density of water changes with respect to change in temperature. The density of water can be calculated as the mass of water per unit volume. Relative density is the term used for the ratio of density of a substance ...
What are the Factors Affecting Workability of Concrete?
Factors affecting the workability of concrete are materials such as water content, cement concrete, sand and aggregate properties such as size, shape, grading, mix design ratio and use of admixtures.