Gopal Mishra - Answers
Home/ Gopal Mishra/AnswersDo you need to remove the ads? Join now!
Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.
Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
What will be Volume of Concrete for Given Cement Sand and Aggregate Quantity?
Gopal Mishra
Volume of fully compacted concrete is given by following formula: where Vc is the volume of concrete. W, C, Fa and Ca are the masses of water, cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates respectively. Density of cement = 1500 kg/m3, fine aggregates = 1700 kg/m3 and coarse aggregates = 1650 kg/m3.Read more
Volume of fully compacted concrete is given by following formula:
where Vc is the volume of concrete. W, C, Fa and Ca are the masses of water, cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates respectively.
Density of cement = 1500 kg/m3, fine aggregates = 1700 kg/m3 and coarse aggregates = 1650 kg/m3.
So, Weight of cement C = 0.25 x 1500 = 375kg
Weight of Fine aggregates Fa = 0.25 x 1700 = 425 kg
Weight of Coarse aggregates Ca = 0.5 x 1650 = 825 kg
Consider w/c ratio as 0.45, so weight of water = 0.45×0.25×1000 = 112.5 L or kg
Sc, Sfa and Sca are the specific weight of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates which are 3.15 for cement and 2.6 for fine and coarse aggregates.
Therefore, putting these values in the formula above, we get
Vc = (112.5/1000)+(375/(1000×3.15))+(425/(1000×2.6))+(825/(1000×2.6)) = 0.712m3
So, Volume of concrete = 0.712m3
See lessWhat are Bearing Capacity Values of Different Types of Soil?
Gopal Mishra
Following table shows maximum bearing capacity values of different types of soils: Types of Soil Bearing Capacity (Kg/m2) Bearing Capacity (kN/m2) Soft, wet clay or muddy clay 5000 50 Soft clay 10000 100 Fine, loose and dry sand 10000 100 Black cotton soil 15000 150 Moist clay and sand clay MixtureRead more
Following table shows maximum bearing capacity values of different types of soils:
Bearing capacity of soil is the maximum load per unit area. This is the ultimate bearing capacity of soil shown in table. Dividing the ultimate soil bearing capacity by a safety factor we get the maximum safe bearing capacity of soil for design of foundations.
See lessHow to Measure Loads and Pressures on Geotechnical Structures?
Gopal Mishra
Please be specific about your question. Provide more details to get answers.
Please be specific about your question. Provide more details to get answers.
See lessHow Aggregate Cement Ratio Affect Workability of Concrete?
Gopal Mishra
Factors which affect workability of concrete are: Cement content of concrete Water content of concrete Mix proportions of concrete Size of aggregates Shape of aggregates Grading of aggregates Surface texture of aggregates Use of admixtures in concrete Use of supplementary cementitious materials RefeRead more
Factors which affect workability of concrete are:
Refer this article for more details: Factors Affecting Workability of Concrete
Effect of Aggregate Cement Ratio on Workability of Concrete
Aggregate cement ratio is the ratio of weights of aggregate to the weight of cement. If this ratio is more, that implies aggregates are more and cement is less and if this ratio is less, that implies weight of aggregate is less and weight of cement is more (relatively).
When the weight of cement is more, i.e. aggregate cement ratio is less, the concrete has more cement paste required to coat aggregates and fill the voids between them. This more cement paste makes the concrete relatively easy to mix, place and compact as it reduces the friction between aggregates and allows its smooth movement. Thus the workability of concrete increases.
When the weight of cement is less, i.e. aggregate cement ratio is more, then there will be very less cement paste to coat aggregate surfaces and fill the voids, thus, mixing, placing and compacting of concrete will be more harder than previous case. This implies, the workability of concrete will be less than previous case.
Reference: Factors Affecting Workability of Concrete
See lessWhich Type of Chemical Cleaner used for Efflorescence Removal?
Gopal Mishra
Read following articles regarding efflorescence which may give you an idea about removal of efflorescence: What is Efflorescence on Brick Masonry, Its Causes and Treatment Techniques? Methods to Reduce Efflorescence in Newly Constructed Masonry Walls
Read following articles regarding efflorescence which may give you an idea about removal of efflorescence:
What should be Minimum Ceiling Height for a Large Bedroom?
Gopal Mishra
Minimum Ceiling Height as per International Building Code The International Building Code (IBC) is used for commercial buildings and any building that contains more than two dwelling units, such as apartment buildings. Minimum ceiling height in these buildings must be 7 feet 6 inches in hallways, coRead more
Minimum Ceiling Height as per International Building Code
The International Building Code (IBC) is used for commercial buildings and any building that contains more than two dwelling units, such as apartment buildings.
Minimum ceiling height in these buildings must be 7 feet 6 inches in hallways, common areas and habitable rooms.
Minimum Ceiling Height as per International Residential Code
According the the IRC, all habitable rooms must have a minimum ceiling height of 7 feet. Habitable rooms include bedrooms, living spaces and kitchens but exclude bathrooms, hallways, utility spaces and closets.
A ceiling with exposed beams spaced at least 4 feet apart can measure 6 feet 6 inches from the floor to the underside of the beams. Minimum ceiling height in bathrooms is 6 feet 8 inches.
Reference: ICC IRC (2012): International Residential Code
Minimum Height for Sloped Ceilings
The minimum ceiling height in rooms with sloped ceilings (such as a finished attic space) is 7 feet over at least 50 percent of the room area. Room area is this case is calculated as the total floor space with walls at least 5 feet tall.
Areas with ceilings lower than 5 feet are allowed but do not count toward the official room area total (IRC rules also include minimum floor space for most habitable rooms).
Basement Exceptions
Under the IRC, basements with no bedrooms or living areas may have ceilings 6 feet 8 inches high with beams and ductwork at a minimum height of 6 feet 4 inches.
See lessWhat is Stress Ribbon Bridge?
Gopal Mishra
See the attachment.
See the attachment.
See lessWhat is Stress Ribbon Bridge?
Gopal Mishra
A stressed ribbon bridge is a tension structure which is similar to a simple suspension bridge. The suspension cables in a stressed ribbon bridge are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple suspension spans which tends to sway and bounce, the ribbon is sRead more
A stressed ribbon bridge is a tension structure which is similar to a simple suspension bridge. The suspension cables in a stressed ribbon bridge are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports.
Unlike the simple suspension spans which tends to sway and bounce, the ribbon is stressed in compression which adds to the stiffness of the structure. The supports of stressed ribbon bridge support upward thrusting arcs that allow the grade to be changed between spans where multiple spans are used.
Stressed ribbon bridges are typically constructed from concrete reinforced by steel tensioning cables. Degree of stiffness required for such bridges depends on vehicle traffic conditions. For heavy vehicle traffic, certain degree of stiffness is required to prevent excessive flexure of the structure. This stiffness can be obtained by stressing the concrete in compression.
Fig: Components of a Stressed Ribbon Bridge
The construction of stressed ribbon bridges requires less materials as compared to other bridges, requires less maintenance and can be erected with expansion joints. Thus, these bridges are aesthetic, economical as well as environment friendly.
See less