Kuldeep Singh - Answers
Home/ Kuldeep Singh/AnswersDo you need to remove the ads? Join now!
Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.
Log in to TheConstructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. When you join you get additional benefits.
Lost your password? Please enter your email address. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email.
What is meant by Dry Shrinkage?
Kuldeep Singh
Dry shrinkage is the contraction or shrinkage of hardened aging concrete due to the loss of capillary water mainly through evaporation. It depends on the amount of water used at the time of mixing and can cause serious loss of strength and major deflections and cracking. The standard consistency orRead more
Dry shrinkage is the contraction or shrinkage of hardened aging concrete due to the loss of capillary water mainly through evaporation. It depends on the amount of water used at the time of mixing and can cause serious loss of strength and major deflections and cracking.
The standard consistency or standard water content that the cement will completely use up for Ordinary Portland cement is 28%. But now, it has got two problems. Firstly, it so turns out that the cement in the concrete doesn’t hydrate completely at 28% moisture even though after pretty good mixing. To improve it, you’d need to hand mix 100g samples for 10 minutes each as we do for the standard consistency test. This isn’t feasible. Also, even then, there won’t be complete hydration. To ensure complete hydration, we must use around 45% to 55% water content for cement. Secondly, the concrete has very poor workability at 28% w/c and needs at least 45% water to be well workable. Now, the cement will use up around 28% water, and the rest will remain there as capillary water. This water, when evaporates with age, causes drying shrinkage.
The effects are cracking, deflection, and loss of strength before the service life of the concrete members.
See lessWhat is bar bending schedule in RCC?
Kuldeep Singh
Bar bending schedule (BBS) is a comprehensive, detailed list of reinforcement bars to be used in an RCC construction along with their number, location, mark, type, size, lengths, details in correspondence with the drawings. It also includes the timing for the bending of each bar, and that is why it'Read more
Bar bending schedule (BBS) is a comprehensive, detailed list of reinforcement bars to be used in an RCC construction along with their number, location, mark, type, size, lengths, details in correspondence with the drawings. It also includes the timing for the bending of each bar, and that is why it’s called a bending schedule.
Bars are needed to be bent in order to give them the desired reinforcement shape. Stirrups and anchorages are two places where bar bending is compulsory. In addition, when we need to join bars, we might want to bend them on the ends before welding or fastening.
BBS also gives a clear and logical understanding as to how much bars of what sizes will be needed to be procured and bent by what time so that no delay, all procurement is done with minimal transport expenses, and all bending is done with minimal machine and labor costs.
See lessWhat is meaning of yellow & white meridian line road?
Kuldeep Singh
Meridian lines, in addition to marking lanes, provide necessary guidelines, instructions, and restrictions on roads. Yellow and white are the most common ones. There is no difference in the roads marked by yellow or white lines as such, but only the instructions given by them are different. Their reRead more
Meridian lines, in addition to marking lanes, provide necessary guidelines, instructions, and restrictions on roads. Yellow and white are the most common ones. There is no difference in the roads marked by yellow or white lines as such, but only the instructions given by them are different. Their relative occurrence varies from country to country.
Soild white line: a solid white line along the curb or between two lanes means that switching lanes and overtaking is disallowed until the line changes.
Broken white line: a broken white line is found between two lanes or in the middle of the road. It means that switching lanes or overtaking is allowed and safe.
Solid yellow line: a solid yellow line between two lanes means essentially the same thing as a solid white line. A solid yellow line along the curb means that parking at the side of the road is disallowed.
Double solid yellow line: a double solid yellow line down the middle or between two lanes means that overtaking or switching lanes is dangerous and is not advisable although not disallowed. A double solid yellow line along the curb means that a specific waiting time by the side of the road is allowed, but parking and leaving is not allowed.
Double yellow solid and broken line: This is a kind of double meridian line found in the middle between two lanes with one line solid and one broken. It means that drivers on the side of the solid line are disallowed from changing lanes or overtaking, but drivers on the side of the broken line are allowed switching lanes and overtaking.
What is Supersaturated in Soil?
Kuldeep Singh
If the water content exceeds the shrinkage limit of the soil, then it's in supersaturated condition.
If the water content exceeds the shrinkage limit of the soil, then it’s in supersaturated condition.
See lessWhat is Castellated Beam?
Kuldeep Singh
A castellated beam is a modified I beam where the steel I section is cut longitudinally into two halves in a certain zigzag cut, and the two sections are joined back after shifting to create a beam with a deeper web and increased strength.
A castellated beam is a modified I beam where the steel I section is cut longitudinally into two halves in a certain zigzag cut, and the two sections are joined back after shifting to create a beam with a deeper web and increased strength.
What is use of ILD diagram at site?
Kuldeep Singh
ILD or Influence Line Diagram shows us the effect of a point load at some point on a structural member with respect to the position of the load. So, ILD tells us what and where would be the maximum effect of a load places at what location. So to visualize the worst-case scenario and best-case scenarRead more
ILD or Influence Line Diagram shows us the effect of a point load at some point on a structural member with respect to the position of the load.
So, ILD tells us what and where would be the maximum effect of a load places at what location. So to visualize the worst-case scenario and best-case scenario and the variations I between, ILD is a comprehensive aid.
The most common usage is in Bridges, rail tracks, and roads where loads are always pointed loads (axle loads) and always moving. Knowing when and how much will be the maximum effect like bending moment, shear force, etc. helps us set up the design values.
See lessWhat is the CBR value for sub grade in rigid pavement road construction?
Kuldeep Singh
Rigid pavements because of their nature, allow for a larger variation in subgrade material (in terms of strength), unlike flexible pavements. That is why rigid pavements can be built over almost any kind of soils with appropriate ground improvement. The general range for CBR is 2% to 14% or 15%. IfRead more
Rigid pavements because of their nature, allow for a larger variation in subgrade material (in terms of strength), unlike flexible pavements. That is why rigid pavements can be built over almost any kind of soils with appropriate ground improvement.
The general range for CBR is 2% to 14% or 15%. If it is found below 6%, then the code specifies some necessary subgrade improvement before laying the concrete slab directly over it.
Also, the CBR could be increased up to say 40% or 50% by ground improvement, and still, the subgrade may be fit for rigid pavements.
See lessWhat is the important of Proctor Compaction Test?
Kuldeep Singh
Standard Proctor test or Proctor compaction test establishes the variation of the unit weight of soil and degree of compaction with the moisture content. It also helps us find out the optimum moisture content for the highest practical density. When we plot the results of the Standard Proctor test, wRead more
Standard Proctor test or Proctor compaction test establishes the variation of the unit weight of soil and degree of compaction with the moisture content. It also helps us find out the optimum moisture content for the highest practical density.
When we plot the results of the Standard Proctor test, we observe that the unit weight or density rises initially with increasing moisture, reaches a maximum, and then declines quickly. The maximum is called the maximum unit weight of soil and the moisture content corresponding to it the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC).
The unit weight first increases due to the filling up of voids. Then the soil can’t hold more water without expanding, and the volume starts to increase. This decreases the density first quickly and then slowly when the soil is almost saturated.
See less