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What is effect of steel and aluminium, if we use it as reinforcement in structure?
Kuldeep Singh
The use of steel in concrete reinforcement and the effects of it are well known. Steel compensates for the concrete's weakness in tension and also provided torsional resistance. Furthermore, it gives form slender members to be designed and cuts down the cost of concrete. Also, steel reinforcement isRead more
The use of steel in concrete reinforcement and the effects of it are well known. Steel compensates for the concrete’s weakness in tension and also provided torsional resistance. Furthermore, it gives form slender members to be designed and cuts down the cost of concrete. Also, steel reinforcement is prone to corrosion due to many chemical attacks on concrete and water penetration. This renders the concrete weak and causes it to spall.
Aluminum, on the other hand, though relatively cheaper than steel, is not a desirable reinforcement in concrete. First of all, aluminum reacts with the alkalis in the concrete to form hydrogen. Subsequently, it causes the aluminum to corrode, lose the bond with concrete, the concrete to expand and split, making it utterly unfit without reconstruction. Instead, aluminum has some use in fiber reinforced concrete where scrap aluminum fibers are bent to bond well and mixed into the concrete. These being scraps, have already heavily oxidized and are now not very reactive because of the aluminum oxide deposited on them. Hence, they are resistive to the alkali attack. Fiber-reinforced concrete provides the desired strength with higher durability than reinforced concrete.
See lessWhat is diffrence between retaining wall and breast wall?
Kuldeep Singh
Retaining wall, as the name suggests is meant to retain earth pressure against an artificially cut edge or excavation edge in soil. A breast wall on the other hand is used to sustain earth against a natural slope such as the hillside of a mountain road. Retaining walls are generally made upstream ofRead more
Retaining wall, as the name suggests is meant to retain earth pressure against an artificially cut edge or excavation edge in soil. A breast wall on the other hand is used to sustain earth against a natural slope such as the hillside of a mountain road.
Retaining walls are generally made upstream of a road or track whereas breast walls are made downstream.
Generally, retaining walls are used at excavation edges only and breast walls are used at an already existing sloped.
See lessExplain the Seasoning of Stone?
Kuldeep Singh
After quarrying and dressing, stone still retains natural moisture within. This moisture is called quarry sap. The removal of this moisture by cyclic drying and airing is called seasoning of stone. This moisture if not removed may render the stone to be soft and weak. Upon frosting it may cause theRead more
After quarrying and dressing, stone still retains natural moisture within. This moisture is called quarry sap. The removal of this moisture by cyclic drying and airing is called seasoning of stone. This moisture if not removed may render the stone to be soft and weak. Upon frosting it may cause the stone to weaken and split. Seasoning is crucial to retain the toughness, hardness and strength of stone.
Seasoning is both drying and wetting cycles on one hand, and airing of stone, on the other hand. There is an increase in strength due to the re-deposition of percolated minerals, surface carbonation, transmission and deposition of minerals on the surface of a stone, by both the evaporating moisture, and addition of water. Dehydration, during seasoning, is more or less an irreversible process, Seasoning applies mainly to soft stone; hard stones seem to be less affected by it.
See lessWhat is diffrent between strap footing and wall footing?
Kuldeep Singh
A strap footing is simply a combined footing with two or more footings (under a column each) are joined together with a beam to form a single combined footing; whereas, a wall footing (or strip footing) is a footing like a concrete slab that spreads the load of the load bearing wall above it. Here,Read more
A strap footing is simply a combined footing with two or more footings (under a column each) are joined together with a beam to form a single combined footing;
whereas, a wall footing (or strip footing) is a footing like a concrete slab that spreads the load of the load bearing wall above it. Here, the wall is actually taking the structure’s weight and the strip footing (wall footing) is distributing it.
See lessWhat is green concrete and Green building?
Kuldeep Singh
Green concrete is the term given to types of concrete that are rather beneficial or less harmful to the environment. Any green concrete must satisfy at least one of the following : Use non-polluting waste material(s) in at least one of its. Have a production process that doesn't lead to environmentaRead more
Green concrete is the term given to types of concrete that are rather beneficial or less harmful to the environment. Any green concrete must satisfy at least one of the following :
There aren’t any specific uses of green concrete because it behaves exactly like normal concrete. It’s just a question of initiative, labor, and willingness to adopt such a construction method that goes easy on the environment. Bridges, dams, houses, platforms have all been made using green concrete.
Green buildings, on the other hand, are buildings that either use environment-friendly materials, cut down the emission of pollutants in construction, are sustainable, have little or no environmental impact, or use waste materials. They generally are greenhouse gas efficient, energy-efficient, water-efficient, and heat efficient.
They, too, don’t really have any specific or special applications and can be used anytime.
See lessWhat is full form of SP in Indian standard code?
Kuldeep Singh
SP stands for 'Special Publication' in SP 16, SP 32, etc. It's a special publication along with IS codes by the BIS.
SP stands for ‘Special Publication’ in SP 16, SP 32, etc. It’s a special publication along with IS codes by the BIS.
See lessHow Electrical Curing of Concrete works?
Kuldeep Singh
The electrical curing of concrete is done by employing the heat generated from an alternating current to raise the temperature of maturing concrete. The concrete is heated up using an AC till up to about 90ºC because ten degrees more will cause the water to turn into steam, which can cause damage toRead more
The electrical curing of concrete is done by employing the heat generated from an alternating current to raise the temperature of maturing concrete.
The concrete is heated up using an AC till up to about 90ºC because ten degrees more will cause the water to turn into steam, which can cause damage to concrete. With this heat, the hydration reactions of maturing concrete are thermally accelerated.
Now, the curing can be done in three ways. The first is the most popular one :
Although it’s quite an impressive technique of concrete curing, it is rarely used because it’s generally uneconomical. It is only used in cold climates where concrete is very susceptible to freezing and thawing within the first week. Also, natural curing is not very easy in cold weather. The technique was even born in Sweden.
Another use is where cost is not, but time is the most important consideration. Maybe in large projects and in real estate.
See lessHow to repair Honeycombs in Column?
Kuldeep Singh
Honeycombs, especially in columns, have to be repaired with great care since colors are very crucial to structural failure. Follow these steps : Firstly, all loose concrete from the honeycomb should be strictly removed. Use a light chipping hammer (<7kg) to remove all the loosened coarse aggregatRead more
Honeycombs, especially in columns, have to be repaired with great care since colors are very crucial to structural failure. Follow these steps :